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Further to our case, the method can be applied for other case studies where the natural Fe
concentration is too low to adsorb all arsenic species. For example, the method can be applied for
sustainable drinking water production or the remediation of a contaminated site. Drinking water
production of course should not be done on a site contaminated with chemical warfare agents but
rather in regions with a naturally increased As concentration. In addition, it has been reported by
various groups that heavy metals can be adsorbed to Fe compounds (Ball and Nordstrom, 1991;
Buekers
et al
., 2008; Dzombak and Morel, 1990; Gerth and Brümmer, 1983). This shows that
the application of this method is not only restricted to the removal of As from water.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
These investigations were supported by the Federal Ministry of Defense (BMVg) and the Con-
struction Department of Lower Saxony - Federal Competence Centre for Soil and Groundwater
Protection. The authors also thank the two anonymous reviewers for valuable comments that
improved the quality of this article.
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