Drought as a Hazard - Natural Hazards - page 119

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some cases foliage stripped from shrubs and trees
to feed stock. Landscapes can be denuded of any
protective vegetation, resulting in wholesale loss of
topsoil during dust storms. In some places in New
South Wales, Australia, up to 12 centimetres of
topsoil blew away during the 1982-1983 drought.
This soil can never be replaced; while growth of
vegetation, required to protect the remaining topsoil,
can be a slow process taking years to decades. This
problem is especially acute in semi-arid areas.
Even in the United States, where a major federal
government program was initiated on the Great
Plains following the mid-1930s drought, land rehabil-
itation was continuing when the next major drought
struck in the mid-1950s. For developing countries
strapped for foreign aid and burdened by debt,
such long-term recovery and mitigation programs
are receiving such a low priority that complete land
degradation, caused by successive droughts, may
become a permanent feature of the landscape.

REFERENCES AND FURTHER
READING

Allison, G.B. and Peck, A.J. 1987. Man-induced hydrologic change
in the Australian environment. Bureau of Mineral Resources
Geology and Geophysics Report 282: 29-34.
Bryson, R. and Murray, T. 1977. Climates of Hunger . Australian
National University Press, Canberra.
Charnock, A. 1986. An African survivor. New Scientist 1515: 41-43.
French, R.J. 1983. Managing environmental aspects of agricultural
droughts: Australian experience. In Yevjevich, V., da Cunha, L.,
and Vlachos, E. (eds) Coping with Droughts . Water Resources
Publications, Littleton, pp. 170-187.