Operational Dust Prediction - Mineral Dust: A Key Player in the Earth System - page 224

Table 10.1 (continued)

NOGAPS Navy Operational Global Atmospheric Prediction System

NRL Naval Research Laboratory

NTU National Taiwan University

OMI Ozone Monitoring Instrument

SEVIRI Spinning Enhanced Visible and Infrared Imager

SEEVCCC South East European Virtual Climate Change Center

TAQM Taiwan Air Quality Model

TAQM-KOSA TAQM coupled with dust deflation module

TEPA Taiwan Environmental Protection Administration

TIROS Television InfraRed Observation Satellite

TOMS Total Ozone Mapping Spectrometer

TOVS TIROS Operational Vertical Sounder

USGS US Geological Survey

WMO World Meteorological Organization

SDS-WAS Sand and Dust Storm Warning Advisory and Assessment System

NA-ME-E North Africa-Middle East-Europe

WRF Weather Research and Forecasting

WRF-CHEM Weather Research and Forecasting model coupled with Chemistry

the monitoring of the atmosphere with the monitoring of atmospheric species
became clear very early in the planning of the Global Monitoring of the
Environment and Security (GMES, now renamed Copernicus), which was the
first European attempt at establishing an integrated analysis and forecasting
system for atmospheric composition. As such, it was natural to extend the
capability of NWP models to aerosol and chemical species (Hollingsworth et al.
2008 ).

10.1.2 A Brief History of Dust Forecasting

Westphaletal.( 1987 , 1988 ) is the first study to use a multidimensional, size-
resolving, full physics numerical dust transport model, which demonstrated the
practicality of numerical simulations of dust storms. In the following years, this
concept was developed into capabilities for operational dust forecasting. Between
1991 and 1993, the predecessor version of the current DREAM dust model
(Nickovic 1996 ; Nickovic and Dobricic 1996 ) was the first regional model in
which dust concentration was built into the prognostic equations of the atmospheric
model driver. This system was implemented at the Tunisian Meteorological Service
and was run on an experimental daily basis in the period March-May 1995.
Experimental daily dust forecasts were also performed during 1996-1997 within
the EU-funded project “MEDUSE” when the model was driven by the atmospheric
SKIRON system (Nickovic et al. 1997 ). The US Navy has invested in aerosol and
dust forecasting since the mid-1990s through the development of the Navy Aerosol