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where m.!/ stands for Fourier transform of the lightning current moment and
d< z <0.
We shall seek for the solution of Eqs. ( 5.132 ) and ( 5.133 ) in the form of Bessel
transform, for example,
Z
A.k; z ;!/ D
A.r; z ;!/J 0 .kr/rdr;
(5.134)
0
where J 0 .kr/ is the Bessel function of the first kind of zero order and the parameter
k of the Bessel transform plays a role of the perpendicular wave number. For brevity,
here we made use of the same designation for the potential A.r; z ;!/ and its Bessel
transform A.k; z ;!/. The same representation is true for the potentials dž and ‰.
Applying the Bessel transform to Eq. ( 5.133 ) we obtain
0 m.!/
2
@ z A k a A D
ı. z C d h/;
(5.135)
where k a D k 2
! 2 =c 2 , and A D A.k; z ;!/. We shall restrict our study to the
low-frequency limit when k a k. Integrating Eq. ( 5.135 )from z D h d " to
z D h d C " and then formally taking " ! 0, we come to the following condition
at z D h d
0 m.!/
2
Œ@ z A D
;
(5.136)
where the square brackets denote the jump of z -derivative of A at z D h d.The
solution of Eq. ( 5.135 ) in both regions, z <h d and z >h d, should be matched
via the condition ( 5.136 ). The solution of Eq. ( 5.135 ) under the requirement that A
is continuous at that boundary has the form
0 m.!/. z 0 /
2k
sinh k z 0
A D C 1 exp .k z / C C 2 exp . k z /
(5.137)
where C 1 and C 2 are arbitrary constants, z 0 D z C d h, and . z 0 / is the step-
function; i.e., D 1 if z 0 >0and D 0 if z 0 <0.
Now we shall treat electromagnetic fields in the ground, which is considered
as a uniform conducting half-space . z < d/ with constant conductivity g .For
the axially symmetrical problem Maxwell's equations for the ground are given by
Eqs. ( 5.51 ) and ( 5.52 ). Substituting Eq. ( 5.130 ) and for the TM mode into those
equations, yields
@ z A D 0 g dž;
(5.138)
1
r @ r .r@ r A/ C i! 0 g A D 0:
@ zz A C
(5.139)
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