Implications for Future Risk Management Strategies - Climate Change and Infrastructure, Urban Systems, and Vulnerabilities - page 68

landowners could develop or sell their properties for higher values, with water views
instead of views of earthen dikes.
Tokyo has also begun to use stadium parking lots and other large public spaces near
rivers as temporary floodwater storage areas (de Graaf and Hoolmeijer, 2008).

D. Assessment Findings

Regarding implications of climate change for infrastructure and urban system risk man-
agement strategies in the United States, we find that:
• Risks of disruptive impacts of climate change for infrastructures and urban
systems can be substantially reduced by developing and implementing appro-
priate adaptation strategies

See Sections III A, C, D
IV A, C

High consensus, moderate evidence

• Many of the elements of such strategies can be identified

based on existing

knowledge

See Section IV A, B

High consensus, moderate evidence

• In most cases, climate-resilient pathways for infrastructure and urban systems
will require greater flexibility than has been the general practice, along with
selective redundancy where particular interdependencies threaten cascading
system failures in the event of disruptions

See Section V A, B

High consensus, moderate evidence

• Revising engineering standards for buildings and other infrastructures to
accommodate projected climate changes is a promising strategy

High consensus, moderate evidence

See Section V A

• In some cases, especially if climate change is substantial, climate-resilient path-
ways will require transformational changes, beyond incremental changes.

High consensus, moderate evidence

See IPCC SREX