Geoscience Reference
In-Depth Information
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Partial
damage
Wood
Washed away
Stone, brick,
and
concrete block
Undamaged
Reinforced
concrete
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8 9 10
Tsunami flow depth (m)
Fig. 10.13
The degree of damage for different housing types
produced by varying tsunami flow depths. Based on Shuto (
1993
)
Tsunami
Information
Center
(2013).
The above discussion reveals two weaknesses regarding
tsunami warning and mitigation. These are complacency and
the existence of an inadequate tsunami culture. Deadly tsu-
nami have occurred on two of most dangerous coastlines in
the world in the last 10 years, the coasts of Sanriku, Japan
and southern Chile. Authorities and residents living there
should be aware that any earthquake is potentially a fatal
tsunamigenic one. Both coasts have state-of-the-art warning
systems; yet, substantial numbers of people have died. What
hope is there for people living on coastlines where tsunami
are a distant memory or historically non-existent? Believing
that you are at risk after a mild earthquake, and resisting the
herd mentality of those around you to ignore reality and flee,
is difficult to do. Believing that you are saved because a
technologically advanced society tells you that you are safe is
unchallengeable. Several stories in
Chap. 1
based on real
events encompassed these aspects. If you live on a hazardous
coastline, complacency may kill you. Someday another tsu-
nami event will occur along the coasts of Sanriku, Japan and
southern Chile. Will measures to mitigate loss of life still be
in place? Will the tsunami culture be up to surviving the
event? On a coastline where no historical tsunami has
occurred will there even be a tsunami culture? The next
chapter emulates the stories presented in
Chap. 1
to illustrate
the relevance of complacency and a tsunami culture in our
perception of this hazard.
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