Geoscience Reference
In-Depth Information
Table 5.4
Major tsunami of the 1990s
Location
Date
Earthquake magnitude
Maximum height (m)
Death toll
Nicaragua
2 September 1992
M s = 7.2
10.7
170
Flores, Indonesia
12 December 1992
M s = 7.5
26.2
1713
Okushiri Island, Sea of Japan
12 July 1993
M s = 7.6
31.7
239
East Java
2 June 1994
M s = 7.2
14.0
238
Shikotan, Kuril Islands
4 October 1994
M s = 8.1
10.0
10
Mindoro, Philippines
14 November 1994
M s = 7.1
7.0
71
Jalisco, Mexico
October 9, 1995
M s = 7.9
10.9
1
Sulawesi Island, Indonesia
1 January 1996
M s = 7.7
3.4
24
Irian Java
17 February 1996
M s = 8.0
7.7
108
Chimbote, Peru
21 February 1996
M s = 7.5
5.0
2
Kronotskiy Cape, Kamchatka
14 December 1997
M s = 7.7
8.0
-
Aitape, Papua New Guinea
17 July 1998
M s = 7.1
15.0
2202
Sea of Marmara, Turkey
17 August 1999
M s = 7.8
2.5
?
Pentecost Island, Vanuatu
26 November 1999
M s = 7.3
5.0
5
Source Based on Satake and Imamura ( 1995 ) and Internet sources
Fig. 5.6 Location and height of
Nicaragua Tsunami of September
2, 1992. Height bars are scaled
relative to each other
-105°
-100°
-95°
-90°
-85°
-80°
20°
Cayman Islands
Belize
Mexico
Guatemala
15°
she
Honduras
El Salvador
Nicaragua
Caribbean
Sea
Costa
Rica
10°
Pacific Ocean
Panama
5 °
Earthquake
epicentre
El Tránsito
Height of
tsunami
(= 5 m)
0
100 km
amplitude of a tsunami that should be generated by this size
earthquake. Highest run-up correlated with zones of greatest
release of seismic force and maximum slip along the fault.
Sand was eroded from beaches and transported, together
with boulders and building rubble, tens of meters inland
(Fig. 5.7 ). The wave also propagated westwards into the
 
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