Geoscience Reference
In-Depth Information
450,000
Oregon
Washington
Hawaii
Alaska
California
Puerto Rico
U.S. Virgin Islands
Gulf of Mexico
Northern Marianas Islands
Guam
American Samoa
Maryland
400,000
350,000
300,000
250,000
200,000
150,000
100,000
50,000
0
1996
1998
2000
2002
2004
2006
2008
2010
Year
FIGURE 2.3
Federal funding for state efforts received from the NTHMP. SOURCE: Based on data from
NOAA.
progress had been made. Potential tsunami sources to be examined collectively as regions,
as opposed to current state-centric perspectives on segments of a source, could include
(a) an Aleutian-Alaska tsunami along the Alaskan coasts, (b) a Cascadia tsunami along the
Washington, Oregon, and northern California coasts, (c) an East-Caribbean tsunami for Puerto
Rico, and (d) distant-source tsunamis around the Paciic Basin with special attention to Hawaii.
With limited resources to devote to tsunami modeling, initial priorities could focus on sources
near U.S. shores, because nearby sources pose the greater tsunami hazard, provide the least
amount of time for at-risk individuals to react and evacuate, and details of slip distribution on
a fault plane, or of the orientation of a landslide block, tend to have their greatest effects
on tsunami heights nearby.
In addition to tsunami sources, several different numerical codes are being used by
NTHMP members, including MOST, Cornell Multi-grid Coupled Tsunami Model (COMCOT), Non-
hydrostatic Evolution of Ocean WAVE (NEOWAVE), University of Alaska, Fairbanks (UAF), Semi-
implicit Eulerian-Langrangian Finite (SELFE), and TSUNAMI-N2. Some numerical codes are freely
available in the public domain, such as COMCOT (http://ceeserver.cee.cornell.edu/pll-group/
comcot.htm), for running through the Tsunami Computational Portal (https://tsunamiportal.
