Geoscience Reference
In-Depth Information
increase in concentration of atmospheric greenhouse gases due to
human activity, which causes the observed increase in temperature of
the atmosphere and oceans. This global-scale increase in temperature
leads to changes in the environment, the speed of which may exceed
the adaptation ability of natural ecosystems and human societies.
Falkowski
et al
.
[FAL 00]
Reservoirs
Pidwirny [PID 06]
10
2
(in 1700) to 7.7
5.8
×
×
10
2
- Atmosphere
7.2
×
10
2
(in 1999)
10
4
10
4
- Oceans (total)
3.8
×
3.8 to 4.0
×
10
4
- Total inorganic
3.7
×
10
3
- Total organic
1.0
×
10
2
- Surface layer
6.7
×
10
4
- Deep layer
3.7
×
10
7
10
7
- Lithosphere
>7.5
×
6.6 to 10.0
×
10
7
- Sedimentary carbonates
> 6
×
10
7
- Kerogen*
1.5
×
10
3
10
3
- Terrestrial biosphere (total)
2.0
×
2.0 to 2.2
×
10
2
- Living biomass
6.0 to 10.0
×
10
3
- Non-living biomass
1.2
×
10
2
- Plants
5.4 to 6.1
×
10
3
- Soils
1.5 to 1.6
×
10
0
- Aquatic biosphere
1-2
×
10
3
10
3
- Fossil organic matter (total)
4.1
×
4.0
×
10
3
- Coal
3.5
×
10
2
- Oil
2.3
×
10
2
- Natural gas
1.4
×
- Other (peat)
10
2
2.5
×
*Oil shale and sands, anthracite, graphite, etc.
Table 4.4.
Distribution of carbon in the main reservoirs of the Earth. The values are
expressed in Pg C (10
15
grams de C) or Gt C (10
9
tons of C). Another natural carbon
reservoir, not mentioned in the table above, is methane clathrate stored in marine
sediments (0.5 to 2.5 × 10
3
Gt C)