Geoscience Reference
In-Depth Information
Production
function
It is a function that relates the output to the inputs or factors of
production used in a production process. The Cobb-Douglass is
the most standard in which the output (Y) is produced with two
factors, labour (L) and capital (K), and the remaining growth
share not explained by the variation of both is explained with
the Total Factor Productivity (A). That is, Y
AL
b
K
/
where
¼
1 and account for the output elasticities of capital and
labour, respectively
bþ/¼
TFP
The Total Factor Productivity measures the fraction of eco-
nomic growth that cannot be explained by the contribution
assigned to the increases in capital, labour and land. As it is
commonly considered that it grasps the efciency gains obtained
through the combination of factors that participate in a pro-
duction process taken together, and it is taken as a measure of an
economy
'
s long-term technological change
Exergy
The useful work actually performed by all energy converters
which empower human labour and capital goods at its disposal
IPCC
The World Meteorological Organization (WMO) and the United
Nations Organization (UNO) created the Intergovernmental
Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) in 1988. The IPCC summa-
rizes the technical, biophysical, socio-economical information
to understanding and measure the risk of climate change
LUCC
Land-Use Land-Cover Change programme (
http://www.geo.ucl.
be/LUCC/lucc.html
) examines the transformations undergone
by Earth
s vegetal cover over the centuries, in order to identify
the main driving forces behind global socio-environmental
change, and also to assess its socio-ecological impact
'
References
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Princeton
Acemoglu D, Robinson JA (2006) Economic origins of dictatorship and democracy. Cambridge
University Press, Cambridge
Aghion Ph, Williamson JG (1998) Growth, inequality, and globalization: theory, history, and
policy. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge
Agnoletti M (ed) (2006) The conservation of cultural landscapes. CABI Publishing, Wallingford/
Cambridge
Allen RC (1992) Enclosure and the Yeoman. Clarendon Press, Oxford
