Geoscience Reference
In-Depth Information
Table 1.4 World energy consumption from 1800 until 2010 in kcal per capita per day, in Toe per
year, world population and total in Mtoe
kcal per
capita per
day
Toe per
capita per
year
Traditional
sources (%)
Rate of
growth
(%)
World
population
(000,000)
Total
Mtoe
1800
8,500 0.31 98 950 295
1850
9,800 0.36 88 0.30 1,180 425
1880
13,000 0.47 65 0.89 1,365 642
1900
18,400 0.67 50 1.77 1,560 1,045
1950
28,200 1.00 33 0.80 2,527 2,527
1970
45,900 1.67 20 2.56 3,691 6,164
1985
48,100 1.76 16 0.35 4,838 8,515
2000
49,000 1.79 14 0.11 6,077 10,878
2010
55,700 2.03 14 1.26 6,850 13,906
Sources on the World scale energy consumption and production can be assumed to be equal. Data
on the production of modern sources of energy are from Etemad and Luciani (
1991
). The
consumption of traditional energy carriers is based on plausible gures on the relative share of the
modern sources (United Nations
1956
) and Fernandes et al. (
2007
) and also the auxiliary material in
http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1029/2006GB002836/suppinfo
on consumption of biofuels
Note 1 Megatoe = 1 million Toe
and although oil holds a central position, the picture is more varied and variety is
ever increasing with the rising exploitation of solar power, wind, biomass and
nuclear power as sources of primary electricity (Fig.
1.5
).
Electricity is in any case a secondary energy source, a transformation, that is, of
other sources. Even when electricity is generated by a water turbine, the primary
source of power is represented by falling water, that is, by the change in its potential
x
4,0
ln
1−x
coal
0,0
fuelwood
-4,0
oil
-8,0
p. electricity
gas
-12,0
-16,0
Fig. 1.5 Shares of any fuel on the total fuel consumption in Europe 1800
-
2000 (ln). Sources
Kander et al. (
2013
). Note x, on the vertical axis, refers to the share of an energy carrier on the total
of the 5 energy carriers minus the energy carrier x. I follow Marchetti (
1977
); although the results
represented in the graph do not conrm those reached by Marchetti
