Histic and Folistic Epipedons - Soil Geography of the USA: A Diagnostic-Horizon Approach - page 70

Table 8.5 Factors influencing the development of the folistic epipedon
Area Factor References

Climate

FL Abundant precipitation enables high levels of biomass Ross et al. ( 2003 )

Organisms
Folistic epipedons are most common in high-elevation
rainforests dominated areas

France By tropical or coniferous vegetation Br´da ( 2003 )

Relief

USA Steep slopes shed water enabling unsaturated

conditions

This study

USA Folists form on upper slopes and saturated organic

soils on lower

Everett ( 1971 )

Parent material

USA Porous bedrock enables unsaturated conditions This study

Time
BC, CA Folists form in less than 2000 yr

Fox et al. ( 1987 ) and
Wakeley et al. ( 1996 )

HI, ID Enloe et al. ( 2006 ) and

Vaughan et al. ( 2011 )

Table 8.6 Factors influencing the development of the histic epipedon
Area Factor References

Climate
Canada Histic epipedons occur in areas where precipitation exceeds
evapotranspiration

Gignac and Vitt ( 1994 )

Canada Histic epipedons develop in areas where MAP exceeds
500 mm/yr

Gignac and Vitt ( 1994 )

Organisms

AK Vegetation type and peatland succession influence histic

epipedon

Klinger ( 1996 ) and
Magnago et al. ( 2010 )

Canada Humans impact histic epipedons through cultivation,
deforestation, burning, draining

Kroetsch et al. ( 2011 )

Relief

AK Steep slopes divert water bearing soluble organics to

depressions

D'Amore and Lynn ( 2002 )

Canada Depressional areas especially favorable for histic epipedon Kroetsch et al. ( 2011 )
FL Periodicity of flooding impacts histic epipedon and

Histosols

Richardson et al. ( 2009 )

World Pond-filling cycle leads to histic epipedon Everett ( 1983 )

Rise in water table leads to paludification Everett ( 1983 )

Parent material
Time
World Common rates of peat accumulation: 1-9 cm/100 yr Everett ( 1983 )