Soils with Lamellae - Soil Geography of the USA: A Diagnostic-Horizon Approach - page 287

Table 24.5 (continued)

Role of soil-forming
factor Area Soil taxa Citation

Relief

Atlantic coastal
plain, VA

Quartzipsamments
(Typic)

Lamellae deeper where
soil is level as
opposed to sloping

Robinson and Rich ( 1960 )

Iowa till Udipsamments Lamellae found primar-

ily in areas with
5-10 % slopes

Folks and Riecken ( 1956 )

Iowa till, Alberta Udipsamments,
Haplustepts?

Lamellae conform to
surface relief

Folks and Riecken ( 1956 ) and
Coen et al. ( 1966 )

Atlantic coastal
plain, VA

Quartzipsamments
(Typic)

Lamellae do not conform
to surface relief

Robinson and Rich ( 1960 )

Michigan
outwash

Udipsamments,
Haplorthods

Pedons in depressions
had thicker and less
deep lamellae

Schaetzl ( 1992 )

Time

Illinois dunes Udipsamments Abundance, thickness,

and clay content of
lamellae increase
with time

Miles and Franzmeier ( 1981 ),
Berg 1984 , and Holliday
and Rawling ( 2006 )

Illinois dunes Udipsamments At least 2,300 yr to form Berg ( 1984 )

Iowa till Udipsamments At least 2,200 yr to form Johnson et al. ( 2008 )

Texas dunes Udipsamments May form in 1,000 yr Holliday and Rawling ( 2006 )

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Poland dunes Udipsamments May form in 4,700 yr Prunkiewicz et al. ( 1998 )

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groups. The reason for the absence of lamellae in these soils is not known but may
be related to the size of the sand separates, the lack of stratification of the sands, and
the stability of the landform (see below).
Kemp and McIntosh ( 1989 ) suggested that lamellae may reflect concurrent
deposition of sand and pedogenesis. Alternatively, the sandy parent materials
may have been stratified into sand fractions, which would influence water move-
ment and deposition of clay weathering products due to pore size discontinuities.
The deposited sand may undergo chemical weathering, particularly the weathering
of feldspars (Miles and Franzmeier 1981 ). Although the minimum and maximum
thicknesses of lamella were not correlated with soil textural class, the surface and
basal depths and thickness of the lamellic zone (E & Bt) were strongly related with
soil texture ( p

0.003) (Table 24.6 ). Soils with loamy and silty texture classes and
soils with xeric moisture regimes may also contain lamellae (Fig. 24.3 ).
The time factor is germane in studies of lamellae development. Whereas Berg
( 1984 ) and Johnson et al. ( 2008 ) suggested that at least 2.3 kyr were required for
lamellae to form, Holliday and Rawling ( 2006 ) found lamellae in soils less than
1 kyr and proposed that they may form in hundreds of years (Table 24.5 ). In soil
chronosequences derived from dune sands, the abundance, thickness, and clay
content of lamellae increase with time (Miles and Franzmeier 1981 ; Berg 1984 ;

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