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Table 12.3 Relation of soil-forming factors to the development of calcic and petrocalcic horizons
Area
Soil taxa
Role of soil-forming factor
Citations
Organisms
India; SW USA (1) Typic Haplargids;
(3) Rhodic
Haplustalfs, Typic
Rhodustalfs
Soil bacteria and fungi may
be key to laminar horizon
development
(1) Monger
et al. (
1991
);
(2) Durand
et al. (
2007
);
(3) Shankar and
Achyuthan (
2007
)
Climate
Soils in extreme deserts
(
<
50 mm/yr MAP) have
calcic horizons because
of rare rainstorms
Amit et al. (
2010
)
Patagonia,
S. India,
Spain, NV
(USA), Iran
(1) Calciargids,
Petrocalcids,
Natrigypsids;
(2) Calcic
Vertisols;
(3) Haploxeralfs,
Palexeralfs;
(9) Calcic
Argigypsids, Typic
Gypsiargids
Polygenesis from climate
change important
in development of
petrocalcic layers
(1) Bouza et al. (
2007
);
(2) Achyuthan
et al. (
2012
);
(3) Alonso
et al. (
2004
);
(4) Brock and
Buck (
2009
);
(5) Chadwick and
Davis (
1990
);
(6) Dhir et al.
(
2004
); (7) Durand
et al. (
2007
);
(8) Gustavson and
Holliday (
1999
);
(9) Khademi and
Mermut (
1999
);
(10) Kleber (
2000
)
SW USA
(1) Haplocalcids,
Paleustolls,
Calcixerolls,
Calcixerepts
Depth of carbonate layer
relates to MAP
(1) Harper (
1957
);
(2) Marion (
1989
)
SW USA
(NM, CA)
-
Spatial- and process-based
modeling of soil inorganic
C storage, based on climate
and other drivers
Hirmas et al. (
2010
);
Mayer et al. (
1988
)
Relief
Iran
Calcixerepts,
Haplocalcids,
Xerofluvents
Petrocalcic horizon deeper on
stable uplands than in
other landscape positions
Abtahi (
1980
)
India, Texas
(2) Aeric Calciaquolls,
Typic Argiaquolls
Groundwater enables upward
movement of CaCO
3
to
form petrocalcic horizon
(1) Dhir et al. (
2004
);
(2) Sobecki and
Wilding (
1983
)
S. India
Typic Haplustalfs,
Udic Rhodustalfs,
Typic
Chromusterts,
Typic Ustorthents
Soil erosion and groundwater
flow in relation to
topography strongly
controlled geochemistry
of calcic horizons
Jacks and Sharma
(
1995
)
(continued)
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