Biology Reference
In-Depth Information
Levin, S. A. (1970). Community equilibria and stability, and an extension of the
competitive exclusion principle. American Naturalist 104, 413-423.
(1992). The problem of pattern and scale in ecology. Ecology 73, 1943-1967.
(1998). Ecosystems and the biosphere as complex adaptive systems. Ecosystems 1,
431-436.
(2000). Multiple scales and the maintenance of biodiversity. Ecosystems 3,
498-506.
Levin, S. A. and Paine, R. T. (1974). Disturbance, patch formation, and community
structure. Proceedings of the National Academy of Science USA 71, 2744-2747.
Levin, S. A. and Pimentel, D. (1981). Selection of intermediate rates of increase in
parasite-host systems. American Naturalist 117, 308-315.
Likens, G. E. (1975). Primary production of inland ecosystems. In Lieth, H. and
Whittaker, R. H., eds., Primary Productivity in the Biosphere. Berlin, Springer
Verlag, pp. 185-202.
Lindstr¨m, J., Lundberg, P., Ranta, E. and Kaitala, V. (1999). Oikos, 50 years of
ecology. Oikos 87, 462-475.
Littlewood, D. T. J., Rohde, K., Bray, R. A. and Herniou, E. A. (1999). Phylogeny
of the Platyhelminthes and the evolution of parasitism. Biological Journal of the
Linnaean Society 68, 257-287.
Loveridge, A. J. and Macdonald, D. W. (2003). Niche separation in sympatric
jackals (Canis mesomelas and Canis adustus). Journal of Zoology (London) 259,
143-153.
Lowman, M. D. (1985). Temporal and spatial variability in insect grazing of the
canopies of five Australian rainforest species. Australian Journal of Ecology 10,
7-24.
Lozano, S. and Zapata, F. A. (2003). Short-term temporal patterns of early recruit-
ment of coral reef fishes in the tropical eastern Pacific. Marine Biology 142,
399-409.
MacArthur, R. H. (1972). Geographic Ecology: Patterns in the Distribution of Species.
New York, Harper and Row.
MacArthur, R. H. and Levins, R. (1967). The limiting similarity, convergence and
divergence of coexisting species. American Naturalist 101, 377-385.
MacArthur, R. H. and Wilson, E. O. (1963). An equilibrium theory of insular
zoogeography. Evolution 17, 373-387.
(1967). The Theory of Island Biogeography. Princeton, N. J., Princeton University
Press.
Mahon, R. (1984). Divergent structure in fish taxocenes of north temperate streams.
Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Science 41, 330-350.
Marcogliese, D. J. and Cone, D. K. (1993) What metazoan parasites tell us about the
evolution of American and European eels. Evolution 47, 1632-1635.
(1996) On the distribution and abundance of eel parasites in Nova Scotia:
influence of pH. Journal of Parasitology 82, 389-399.
(1998). Comparison of richness and diversity of macroparasite communities
among eels from Nova Scotia, the United Kingdom and Australia. Parasitology
116, 73-83.
Martin, P. R. and McKay, J. K. (2004). Latitudinal variation in genetic divergence of
populations and the potential for future speciation. Evolution 58, 938-945.
