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Figure 9.9. Latitudinal gradient in species diversity of molluscs on North- and South
American Pacific shelves. Points are selected in bands of 5 o latitude. Mean latitudinal
SST (sea surface temperature) indicated by segmented line. Note greatest diversity
north of the equator, and a rise in diversity in the southernmost zone. From
Valdovinos, Navarete, and Marquet ( 2003 ). Data for North American molluscs from
Roy, Jablonski, and Valentine et al.( 1998 ). With the permission of the authors and
the Editor of Ecography.
Figure 9.10. Local (alpha) diversity of prosobranch snails and bivalves in shallow soft
bottom habitats. Note steep increase towards southern high latitudes. From
Valdovinos, Navarete, and Marquet ( 2003 ). With the permission of the authors and
the Editor of Ecography.
artefacts produced by sampling in the larger area, but is due to an
increased alpha diversity, as shown by the results of sampling in soft
bottom habitats along the South American coast (Figure 9.10 ) . The
authors suggest that geographic isolation due to divergence of ocean
 
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