Chemistry Reference
In-Depth Information
Fig. 2.18
Schematic representation of reactions for the synthesis of POFs.
a
Base-mediated
aromatic nucleophilic substitution;
b
base-mediated azo formation;
c
benzimidazole formation;
d
imine formation;
e
,
f
, and
r
base-mediated nucleophilic substitution;
g
Ni(cod)
2
-mediated aryl-
aryl (Yamamoto) coupling;
h
Pd-mediated aryl-aryl (Suzuki) coupling;
i
Pd-mediated aryl-ethyly-
nyl (Sonogashira-Hagihara) coupling;
j
Pd-mediated aryl-vinyl Heck coupliong;
k
Cu/Pd-mediated
ethylynyl coupling;
l
Co-mediated ethylynyl cyclotrimerization;
m
AlCl
3
-mediated Scholl reaction;
n
FeCl
3
-mediated Friedel-Crafts reaction;
o
FeCl
3
-mediated Carbazole coupling;
p
imide forma-
tion;
q
amide formation;
s
FeCl
3
-mediated thiophenyl-thiophenyl oxidative coupling;
t
ZnCl
2
or
super acid mediated nitrile cyclotrimerization;
u
SOCl
2
-catalyzed acetophenone cyclotrimerization
With regard to the polymeric reactions, several issues attract great attention:
(1) catalysts, such as noble metal, transition metal, and acid catalysis, and even
catalyst-free; (2) reactive groups of building blocks, one reactive group means it
is homocoupling reaction and more than one reactive groups implies it is cross-
coupling reaction; (3) reacting conditions, including the solvents, concentration,
reaction temperature, time, and reaction atmosphere. It is worth mentioning that
using the imine formation reaction could obtain crystalline or amorphous POFs
through controlling the reaction conditions.
