Biomedical Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
current, by assuming a constant translocation velocity during transit, one can
calculate the expected current traces, as shown in the right side panels. The only
free parameter is the speed of translocation. The agreement is remarkable. (The
eventual recovery of current is understood to be the breakage of biotin-streptavidin
bond, see Balagurusamy et al. [
31
]).
8.6 Summary
In this chapter, the recent advances in the fabrication of solid-state nanopores have
been discussed. It is clear that for individual nanopores, there are several adequate
methods of making them. There are interesting materials physics issues to be
discovered in this effort. Solid-state physicists are well equipped for this task. The
progress in making addressable nanopore devices is beginning and the key issues
have been identified. The concept of nanopore DNA sequencing by combining
nanopore techniques with sequencing-by-hybridization is discussed. The theoretical
limit in achieving the HANS sequencing platform is discussed. Latest nanopore
experiments on detecting hybridization probes are discussed.
Acknowledgments The author got involved in the nanopore field during a sabbatical visit
(2002-2003 academic year) to the Molecular Biophysics Group of Professor Cees Dekker in the
Delft University of Technology of the Netherlands. He enjoyed a stimulating collaboration with
Arnold Storm, Jianghua Chen, Hanny Zandburgen and Cees Dekker, as well as discussions with
Ulrich Keyser, Liviu Movileanu, Derek Stein and Nynke Dekker. For his sabbatical, the author
acknowledges gratefully the financial support from the Guggenheim Foundation and the Dutch
Science Foundation (FOM). Since the author's return to Providence in 2003, he owes a great deal
of gratitude to his postdoctoral associates Dr. Sang Ryul Park and Dr. Venkat Balagurusamy,
graduate students Hongbo Peng, Shanshan Wu, Paul Weinger, Sungcheol Kim, and undergraduate
student Adam Politzer. Outside Brown, the author owes a great deal of gratitude to Professor
Robert Riehn of NC State University on the recipes of nanofabrication, and especially to
Dr. Alexandros Pertsinidis of Stanford University for the stimulating discussions that led to the
concept of HANS which sustained the author's interest in this field. Grants from the National
Science Foundation under the National Nanotechnology Initiative (NNN) helped launch the
nanopore program at Brown, a R21 grant from the NIH-NHGRI allowed the author to continue
this pursuit. The author also gratefully acknowledges encouraging discussions with Professors
Daniel Branton, Jene Golovchenko, and especially Jiali Li and Amit Meller during a visit to their
labs at Harvard in the summer of 2001.
References
1. Kasianowicz, J.J., Brandin, E., Branton, D. & Deamer, D. W. (1996), Characterization of
individual polynucleotide molecules using a membrane channel.
Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. USA
93
, 13770-13773.
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