Aerodynamic Structural Noise - Hybrid Anisotropic Materials for Wind Power Turbine Blades - page 213

TABLE 7.2
Support.Structure.Options

Structure Examples Use Notes

•.Monopile •.Utgrunden.(SE),.

Blyth.(UK),.Horns.
Rev.(DK),.North.
Hoyle.(UK),.Scroby.
Sands.(UK),.
Arklow.(IE).
Ireland,.Barrow.
(UK),.Kentish.Flats.
(UK),.OWEZ.(NL),.
Princess.Amalia.
(NL)

•.Shallow.
to.
medium.
water.
depths

•.Made.from.steel.tube,.
typically.4-6.m.in.diameter
•.Installed.using.driving.
and/or.drilling.method..
Transition.piece.grouted.
onto.top.of.pile

•.Jacket •.Beatrice.(UK),.

Alpha.Ventus.(DE)

•.Medium.
to.deep.
water.
depths

•.Made.from.steel.tubes.
welded.together,.typically.
0.5-1.5.m.in.diameter
•.Anchored.by.driven.or.
drilled.piles,.typically.
0.8-2.5.m.in.diameter

•.Tripod •.Alpha.Ventus.(DE) •.Medium.

to.deep.
water.
depths

•.Made.from.steel.tubes.
welded.together,.typically.
1.0-5.0.m.in.diameter
•.Transition.piece.
incorporated.onto.center.
column
•.Anchored.by.driven.or.
drilled.piles,.typically.
0.8-2.5.m.in.diameter

•.Gravity.
base

•.Vindeby.(DK),.
Tuno.Knob.(DK),.
Middlegrunden.
(DK),.Nysted.(DK,).
Lilgrund.(SE),.
Thornton.Bank.(BE)

•.Shallow.
to.
medium.
water.
depths

•.Made.from.steel.or.concrete
•.Relies.on.weight.of.
structure.to.resist.
overturning,.extra.weight.
can.be.added.in.the.form.of.
ballast.in.the.base
•.Seabed.may.need.some.
careful.preparation
•.Susceptible.to.scouring.and.
undermining.due.to.size

•.Still.under.development
•.Relies.on.buoyancy.of.
structure.to.resist.
overturning
•.Motion.of.loating.structure.
could.add.further.dynamic.
loads.to.structure
•.Not.affected.by.seabed.
conditions
Source: .. Zaaijer,.M..B..2001..Offshore.support.structures.for.large-scale.wind.turbines..Online.at:.
www.ecn.nl/docs/dowec/2001-EWEA-STC-Support-structures.pdf..With.permission.)

•.Floating.
structures

•.Karm.øy.(NO) •.Deep.to.

very.deep.
water.
depths