Environmental Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
K
K
C
C
z
y
z
y
.
µ
=
µ
.
(6.11)
ZY
ZY
.
.
2
K
K
10
ρ
C
g
-
C
C
2
y
y
z
2
.
E
=
1
*
µ
.
(6.12)
y
yz
2
z
y
K
K
C
C
2
2
z
y
z
.
E
=
*
E
.
(6.13)
y
y
y
G
2
.
E = K
-
A
-
A
(6.14)
45
45
45
2
2
10
ρ
C
.
The.coeficient.values.for.the.turbine.blades.were.found.to.be.K
z.
=.0.885,.
K
y.
=. 0.840,. and. K
45.
=. 0.8,. where. Cz,. Cy,. and. C
45
. are. velocity. propagations.
of.longitudinal.oscillations.in.turbine.blades.in.the.warp,.ill,.and.diagonal.
directions..Equation.(6.7).to.Equation.(6.9).can.be.used.for.calculation.of.μ
45
,.
A,.and.G
zy
.for.a.turbine.blade..Application.of.the.ultrasonic.wave.method.for.
turbine.blades.is.demonstrated.in.Figure 6.1..A.circle.drawn.on.the.blade.sur-
face.and.ultrasonic.heads.was.aligned.with.the.circumference.of.the.circle.
along. the. geometrical. axis.. The. time. taken. for. the. wave. to. pass. from. one.
head.to.another.was.measured..Then,.the.heads.were.moved.away.from.the.
geometrical.axis.by.5.degrees.and.the.propagation.time.was.again.measured..
The.results.are.shown.in.Table 6.2.
To. achieve. accurat
e
. results,. it. is. necessary. to. take. the. mean.
X
. and. the.
quadratic.deviation.
S
.(Table 6.3).
From.an.analysis.of.the.data.for.the.42.specimens,.the.values.for.X.=.3.56*10
5
.
and.S.=.0.25.*10
5
.were.obtained..Figure 6.2.to.Figure 6.4.show.the.experimen-
tal.and.theoretical.distribution.modulus.curves.of.elasticity.Ez,.Ey,.and.Ex.
TABLE 6.2
Velocity.Propagation.of.Longitudinal.Waves.in.the.Blades
Velocity
C
z
,m/
sec
Blade
No.
Base,
mm
Time,
sec
Time,
sec
Velocity,
C
y
,m/sec
Time,
sec
Velocity,
C
45
,m/sec
1
100
23.0
4350
25.7
3900
26.2
3800
2
100
23.0
4350
25.0
3950
26.0
3850
3
100
23.5
4250
26.0
3850
26.6
3750
4
100
23.0
4350
25.7
3900
26.2
3800
5
100
22.4
4450
25.7
3900
26.2
3800
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