Environmental Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
C
C
2
2
z
y
.
E
=
*
E
.
(6.6a)
z
y
=
g
2
A
E
-
-
.
.
(6.6b)
45
45
2
2
10
ρ
C
A
.
μ
45.
=.1.+.E
45
*A.
(6.7)
=
µ
1
2E
1
2E
ZY
z
A
-
-
.
.
(6.8)
E
z
y
E
45
Gzy
=
..
.
(6.9)
2 1
(
+
µ
)
45
where:
.C
z
,. C
y
,. C
45
. are. the. velocities. of. longitudinal. ultrasonic. oscillations. of. the.
ininitely.long.plate.in.the.warp,.ill,.and.diagonal.directions.(m/sec);
.g.is.the.acceleration.due.to.gravity.(9.81.m/sec
2
);
.ρ.is.the.density.of.the.composites.(1.998.g/cm
3
).
The.z.direction.set.is.called.the.
warp
.and.the.y.direction.set.is.called.the.
ill
..
To.determine.elastic.properties.of.a.composite.material,.12.plates.having.geo-
metrical.dimensions.of.10.×.200.×.250.mm.were.fabricated.containing.20.to.
30.percent.epoxy.and.70.to.80.percent.glass.iber.and.under.pressure.100.kg/
cm
2
,.and.temperature.of.160°C,.time.of.curing.3.to.6.min/mm..The.fabricated.
plates,.with.deined.warp.and.ill.and.diagonal.directions,.were.cut.into.10.×.
10.×.200.mm.and.10.×.30.×.200.mm.specimens.
The.elastic.properties.E
z
,.E
y
,.E
x.
,E
45
,.G
zy
,.G
xz
,.G
yz
.for.these.specimens.were.
determined.using.the.ultrasonic.method.
These. properties. are. transferred. from. an. ininitely. long. plate. to. inite.
dimensions.of.the.turbine.blade.using.appropriate.coeficients.given.below:
t
t
E
E
t
E
E
E
E
y
z
x
K =
; Ky =
; K =
.
u
.
(6.10)
z
x
u
u
z
y
x
where.the.superscript.t.denotes.the.standard.destructive.test.and.u.denotes.
ultrasonic. test.. The. elastic. properties. in. the. turbine. blades. fabricated. from.
composites.are.given.by:
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