Biology Reference
In-Depth Information
trimeric G-proteins, but there is a large family of GAPs for the Rho-family
GTPases. Without active nucleation-promoting factors creation of new
filaments stops rapidly, since the Arp2/3 complex activated previously is
consumed by branching nucleation. Networks in unstimulated parts of cells
are predicted to disassemble in tens of seconds, perhaps hurried along by
active ADF/cofilin relieved of inhibition by the PAK/LIM kinase pathway.
Acknowledgements
This work was supported by NIH Research Grant GM26338. The author
thanks the members of this laboratory who contributed to this work.
References
Abercrombie, M., Heaysman, J. E. M. and Pegrum, S. M., 1971. The locomotion of
fibroblasts in culture: IV. Electron microscopy of the leading lamella. Exp. Cell Res. 67:
359-367.
Amann, K. J. and Pollard, T. D., 2001a. Arp2/3 complex nucleates filaments that branch
from the side of pre-existing actin filaments. Nature Cell Biol. 3: 306-310.
Amann, K. J. and Pollard, T. D., 2001b. Direct real-time observation of actin filament
branching mediated by Arp2/3 complex using total internal reflection microscopy. Proc.
Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 98: 15009-15013.
Andrianantroandro, E., Blanchoin, L., Sept, D., McCammon, J. A. and Pollard, T. D.,
2001. Kinetic mechanism of end to end annealing of actin filaments. J. Molec. Biol. 312:
721-730.
Bamburg, J. R., McGough, A. and Ono, S., 1999. Putting a new twist on actin: ADF/
cofilins modulate actin dynamics. Trends Cell Biol. 9: 364-370.
Bear, J. E., Svitkina, T. M., Krause, M., Schafer, D. A., et al., 2002. Antagonism between
Ena/VASP proteins and actin filament capping regulates fibroblast motility. Cell 109:
509-521.
Beltzner, C. C. and Pollard, T. D., 2004. Identification of functionally important residues
of Arp2/3 complex by analysis of homology models from diverse species. J. Mol. Biol., in
press.
Blanchoin, L. and Pollard, T. D., 1998. Interaction of actin monomers with Acanthamoeba
actophorin (ADF/cofilin) and profilin. J. Biol. Chem. 273: 25106-25111.
Blanchoin, L. and Pollard, T. D., 1999. Mechanism of interaction of Acanthamoeba
actophorin (ADF/cofilin) with actin filaments. J. Biol. Chem. 274: 15538-15546.
Blanchoin, L. and Pollard, T. D., 2002. Hydrolysis of bound ATP by polymerized actin
depends on the bound divalent cation but not profilin. Biochemistry 41: 597-602.
Blanchoin, L., Amann, K. J., Higgs, H. N., Marchand, J. B., et al., 2000a. Direct
observation of dendritic actin filament networks nucleated by Arp2/3 complex and
WASp/Scar proteins. Nature 404: 1007-1011.
Blanchoin, L., Pollard, T. D. and Mullins, R. D., 2000b. Interaction of ADF/cofilin,
Arp2/3 complex, capping protein and profilin in remodeling of branched actin filament
networks. Curr. Biol. 10: 1273-1282.
