Civil Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
Means of warning
- alarm is commonly given by
an electronic sounder, a mechanical bell, or by people
shouting. Most people, including those who have impaired
hearing, will hear such an alarm, or will be responsive to
the subsequent actions of other people in the building.
There are circumstances where additional measures
might be needed, for example in very noisy areas, or
where a person might be isolated from others or asleep.
In such cases visual alarms or personal vibrating pagers
linked to the alarm system should be considered.
Escape time
- many disabled people cannot move
quickly. Disabled people may need to be escorted or
even carried to a safe place, and they may need to rest
for a while as they make their escape.
In order to minimise the amount of time taken to
escape, the following matters should be considered:
Figure 9.46
Metal fi re escape above non-FR glazing -
note open window
➤
Clear signage indicating escape routes should be
provided, maintained and kept free from obstruction
➤
Escape routes should be kept clear of obstructions.
Vertical escape
- unless a lift or platform lift in a build-
ing is an evacuation lift, which is extremely unlikely,
it must not be used for escape in case of fi re because
power failure could occur while it is in use, trapping any
occupants. A lift that is not an escape lift should have
signs at all landings advising people not to use it in the
case of an emergency.
A stair lift, also being susceptible to power cuts,
commonly obstructs the stairway when in use (and
not folded away), and should therefore not be used for
means of escape.
Particularly in an older building, a route provided
only for means of escape might well include a stairway
or other unsuitable feature.
The route of travel does not end at the external door
but at a safe place away from the building. Sometimes
it may be unrealistic for these external routes to be fully
accessible, for example at the rear of a building where
the fl oor level might be substantially lower or higher than
adjacent ground level.
It follows that there will be circumstances where a
disabled person would be unable to escape unaided
and might need to fi nd a place of relative safety to await
assistance, or might simply need to rest for a while in
a place of relative safety before continuing. In such
circumstances, refuges should be provided.
Refuges
- a protected stairway is an internal
stairway intended for use as an escape route (it may also
be in everyday use). The protection takes the form of an
enclosure of fi re resistant walling and doors.
A protected stairway, and a fi nal exit from a building
leading to an escape route to a place of safety where
that route includes a stairway, should be provided with
3 m
3 m
Figure 9.47
Protecting an escape across a roof
9.5.7
Escape facilities for disabled
People
Even with extended distances (where additional means
of support are included), most disabled people can be
expected to be able to reach a place of relative safety
without assistance. In some cases, e.g. wheelchair
users, people may be unable to negotiate stairs unaided.
The following additional measures can be taken to aid
the evacuation of disabled people.
