Biology Reference
In-Depth Information
reimbursement for care will be between Medicare and Medicaid rates. That is what hospitals
will have to plan for.
Of note, in our return to the discussion of early African fortress civilizations, the
civilizations of Mapungubwe, K2, Zimbabwe, and Thulamela failed, like so many other
agriculture and pastoral based civilizations, and maybe our own Western one, most likely due
to exhausting natural resources, cost over runs (and that did not include healthcare), and
conflict. As pointed out by John Locke the reason for forming commonwealths of like thinking
people in a civilization is the preservation of their property. Maybe it was because of the
difficultly of subjugating surrounding tribes for labor, if different from themselves, otherwise
why have fortresses? Oscar Wilde pointed out that “civilizations” needed slaves to do the
menial work. In our modern societies, while this work is increasingly by machines or even
more so by robots in the future, there is also the need for constant influx of new cheap labor,
often in the form of peasants or immigrants, or for that matter, illegal immigrants. Warfare over
territory may also have been a factor in the demise of many civilizations since with
pastoralism and agriculture ownership of land meant territory and domestic animals had to be
protected: the territorial imperative. For example, in the Kenya the battle between Orma and
pastoralists Pokomo agrarian farmers in the Tana River Delta area continue to this day with
regular bloodshed and deaths. It is likely that there was also conflict and raids over women
and children, revenge killing, and also mines among local populations. Until the Neolithic era,
mass killings during warfare did not appear to occur. King Abijah (Abijam) of Judah killed
500,000 of King Jeroboam of Israel's 800,000 troops in about 912 BC and his son Asa killed
maybe one million Cushites under Zerah, maybe forces of Pharaoh, from modern Sudan and
Southern Egypt. Asa committed the error in that he “sought not to the Lord, but to physicians”
and died from some foot disease - was it diabetic gangrene or an infective process? During the
Roman era, Caesar may have killed a million people, particularly of Gaul, and during the
Jewish revolt of 57AD to 70AD, over a million died in Jerusalem (when the regular city
population was probably only 40,000 to 60,000; Titus during the siege from 66AD TO 70AD
allowed the Jews into the city during the Passover but then did not allow them to leave, thus
depleting the food and water supplies. Titus' brother Domitian built the Arch of Titus in Rome
to celebrate the success and plundering of the Temple and Jerusalem, an Arch replicated as the
Gates of India (I hardly could make it out in the smog), Arc De Triomphe, and the arch at
Washington Square in New York City. Masada fell in 73AD from Vespasian and his son Titus
according to Josephus (later a friend of Titus). This was just as had been predicted by Isaiah,
that men would be as rare as golden wedge of Ophir, and by a Nazarene who died at the hands
of the wild bulls of Bashan, including that the temple would be destroyed. Faced with the
prediction, the Roman Governor was faced with the pivotal question, namely, “What shall I do
with this man?” and whether to believe in him that divine providence offered a bye on deaths
sting, as Charles Jennens and Handel put it, to ultimate sustainable restorancy. Not quite as
many died in Jerusalem as Shaka killed a long time later on Lebombo Plains and the Plateau
below the Drakensberg Mountains. The counts of how many were killed by Genghis Kahn vary
from 30 to 60 million. And in the 20 Century, some 60 million were killed because of warfare.
Once human populations began to grow exponentially, as they did with agricultural food
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