Biology Reference
In-Depth Information
cabinet meetings and Jack Welch describes how he would ask everybody at his meetings for
their comments. It is amazing to me how much a team or group can learn and develop new
projects from asking everybody by name at the end of a meeting if they have anything on their
minds. Many hold back till the end of a meeting for their “ituba” and leaders who skip this risk
losing valuable input.
Another factor for the transition from Hunter - Gatherer to pastoralist may have been the fat
content of milk, meat and butter. Early African hunters and modern PHs have complained about
the “dryness” of African venison and over time learned to cook with oils or lard. Furthermore,
early hunters described how the African attendants and hangers-on would fight mostly over the
fat of carcasses, like for the omentum and fat around organs. The local chiefs (indunas) on
whose territory white hunters were hunting would insist that the fat behind the eyes of
elephants be reserved especially for their consumption. No lower African was allowed to take
it. The fat of long bone marrow was also highly prized, including for making soups, and also
tails. Like cattle, buffalo tail, is rich in marrow and fat. It is also of interest that the meat
preferred by many modern human carnivores is fatty, like USDA select prime steaks (highest
fat content or “marbling”), prime rib eye, particularly the fatty semi - circle rind, and Japanese
Kobe steak, because so much of the flavor, particularly of sauces, resides dissolved in the fatty
sections.
From a dietary point of view the San Bushmen Heart Healthy diet probably fairly reflects
Homo biped diets over ancient times that were good for us and are similar to modern
guidelines. While it may be argued we have evolved more recently to cope with a more sugar
based diet because of the addition of potentially beneficial enzymes like amylase to digest
sugars and also lactase to tolerate cow milk based diets containing the sugar lactose, neither of
these can be argued are beneficial to our health if either sugars or milk products are
excessively consumed. Hardly beneficial adaptations; if anything a potential downfall of
modern man if fast foods based on sugars and milk products that are abused. Obesity already
consumes a quarter of a trillion dollars in health care costs in the USA. And what of the rising
rate of grain gluten intolerance? The best drink is water; alcohol was a later invention,
although we now know that one glass of red wine a day is good for our health (the skins
contain the beneficial polyphenol and because red wine is produced with grape skins, the
content is higher), really for its berry fruit content of resveratrol, like San Bushmen eating
raisin bush dried fruit. Cocoa extracts, peanuts, blueberries, mulberries and some plant roots
also contain resveratrol. Aborigine hunter gatherer tribes have tended to struggle with alcohol.
Red meat from wild animals about once every four days is not detrimental since it has low fat
content and is good for brain food, muscle building, and fertility. As we now know, nuts,
natural vegetable oils, berries, fruits, and high fiber foods are healthy, including carbohydrates
but not refined sugars, sugar cane or corn syrup. Fat in low quantities is acceptable since it
was rare for hunter gatherers but dairy products (butter, cheese, cream, and milk) were largely
foreign to hunter gatherer diets until about 10,000 years ago. Berries are an essential part of
diets from the point of view of vitamins. Nuts, tubers, grasses, and berries during the day are
snacks that the Bushmen use while out walking. Similarly, they may carry long sticks to get at
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