Biology Reference
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they live in a dry desiccated environment where diseases like malaria, sleeping sickness,
typhoid and cholera hardly existed because of the need for water for these microbes. TB
certainly could be a problem, but the isolation of clans may have limited spreading. Another
was supplication increasingly to surrounding pastoralists who tended to have more advanced
tools, weapons (iron based), and were used to fighting battles in large amassed hordes. Iron
production gave the Nguni tribes an advantage in both weapon production and agriculture.
Surprisingly, there are iron mask from South Africa, much less famous than the Benin Masks on
display, for example at the Chicago Art Museum, that date back 2,700 years, known as the
Lydenburg Heads discovered in the 1960s, at the largest Africa Iron Age site. Who could
withstand an army of 22, 000 Zulu warriors? Not even the British at Isandlwana with rifles and
cannon were able to, and one and a half thousand were massacred by the Zulus pastoralists.
And in the battle at Rourke's drift, they barely held off a force of 10,000 with only a few
British surviving. Indeed, partly to save face at their loss to a “savage hoard” of Zulus, the
British awarded the most Victoria Crosses ever after the battle at Rourke's Drift.
Course of Attack on Rourke's Drift: Note Buffalo Horn Attack
Isandlwana Hill and White Stones Marking Graves
The downside of human bipeds being mobile, able to travel large distances, not being
restricted by climate, ocean, or altitude, is that we may never have benefited from developing
resistance to local diseases the way other animals have. Why homo sapiens surpassed other
humans such as Erectus or Ergaster, largely scavengers and gatherers and both present up to
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