Biology Reference
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our brains. For example, in my physiology studies, the brain flow was the highest of any organ
to deliver the energy needs, that makes up to a quarter of our energy consumption as adults (in
babies it is up to three quarters) and even at rest in anesthetized baboons it was still
100ml/100g/ minute. Like us, baboons have shorter intestines and colons than other apes and
hence spend more time finding high quality foods and may pick up to 3000 small food particles
a day like small seeds and nuts and in addition will kill other animals like impala young to
obtain extra protein and fat. Our brains are on fire, stoked by oxygen, and fed by mostly by the
fuel of blood glucose creating the milieu in which these reactions create the energy to power
our demanding brains.
It was once theorized that humans were descendants from apes like australopithecines,
particularly via Habilis, but more recent research, including the discovery of a new ape-like
skeleton Au. Sedibe (meaning “source” in Sotho) at Malapa suggests that a lot of those early
theories need to be revised. The general theory, although it is controversial, has been that
Australopithecus Africanus/Anamensis/Afarensis (Mrs. Ples, Taung Baby, Lucy) led to Homo
Gautengensis to H Habilis, H Erectus/H Ergaster (e.g. Turkana boy, size about 6'2”), the latter
leading to H Heidelbergensis (Size 7'2”, maybe the Nephilim giants and Goliath) and to H
Neanderthals and to H Sapiens. It is of interest that most cultures have an oral or written
history of giants or trolls and one must assume that there is some reality associated with these
histories. What was the yeti described in the Long Walk crossing the Himalayas? Was it a relic
of the giant biped skeletons (Gigantopithecus at 10 feet) found in China, Vietnam and India?
There is probably an element of genetic drift based on food consumption. The sons of Anak,
Nephilim, that Joshua came across, that were giants and made the Israelis look like
grasshoppers, were living in a land “of milk and honey” with clearly lots of good food and
fruits. Of note, multiple studies have shown that humans on Western diets grow much taller
whereas in agrarian, vegetarian, and pastoralist societies, stature is static or declining. Just
look at how immigrants from third world countries from outside the USA have children in the
USA who are considerably taller. Our huge NBA and NFL players are clearly related to a
good diet. There is some evidence from genetics that Sapiens, Neanderthals, Denisovans, H
Floresiensis (“hobbits”) and maybe even H Ergaster interbred. The DNA analysis of a female
fingertip from Denisovans was reported by David Reich in Nature in December 2010 showed
the genetic material was closest related to of all peoples to the Melanesians of New Guinea
making the authors speculate that there was a wave out of Africa of human ancestral migrations
about 350,000 to 400,000 years ago. Similar work to David Reich also showed that based on
human DNA there were probably only about 1,200 reproductive individuals that migrated out
of Africa to Europe and Asia during the genetic choke point between 20,000 and 40,000 years
ago, and only about 5,700 of those left in Africa survived the genetic choke point. The cause of
this is not entirely clear since it does not conform with earlier presumed choke point
speculation related to the Toba eruption. What was the cause of the worldwide disaster
between 20,000 and 40,000 years ago that nearly exterminated mankind? For Au Sedibe most
of the skeletons that are available unexpectedly show some modern features. The enigma of
this is that habilis and maybe even erectus are alleged not to be relevant to the interpretation of
modern ancestor's chain. Further disrupting the longstanding evolution linear theory is the
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