Biology Reference
In-Depth Information
Traditional Xhosa Kraal with Huts, Cattle Isibaya and Fowl Run at Southern Nguni
Limits, like Zuma and Mandela
Villages were centered around a hereditary chief who held regular meetings under a tree for
his followers.
Zionist Meeting under Trees
They practiced a form of democracy where every person had a right to speak (“ituba”). The
chief answered to a typically language based paramount hereditary chief or king. Thus, at the
village level, the democratic process was not that different from the Viking Norse model that
was the foundation of the Westminster parliamentary system, it roots originating in about
1000AD in the Isle of Wight. The village (“by”) would gather for a “ting” and the laws would
be passed, hence the term “by-laws”. Where the Westminster system differs from the Bantu
model is in how leaders were named. The Westminster system elected their leaders, often from
the villages “lands-ting,” whereas in the African Bantu model, a paramount chief (or king or
president or prime minister or “dictator”) tends to be appointed based on tribal hereditary and
surrounds himself with his political elite of chiefs (now day's cabinet and government
ministers) of the same language. Thus, while there were colonial attempts to impose a
Westminster style of government, these have largely failed and the system of government has
reverted to the quasi African Bantu model. The democratic model exists more at the local
village level. Since 1994, South Africa has been an exception, although President Mbeki
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