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junipene, (+)-cycloisosativene, valencine, and selino-3,7(11)-diene. All
these compounds showed signiicant antimycobacterial activity against the
drug-resistant strains (MDR-R and MDR-40) of Mycobacterium smegma-
tis , and their MIC was in the range of 31.25-62.5 µg/ml (Jeyashree et al.,
2011). The crude oil of this species also yielded bioactive compounds, viz.,
β- vetivenene, β-vetivone, and α-vetivone, which possess antioxidant prop-
erties (Kim, 2005).
TYPHA CAPENSIS (ROHRB.) N.E. BR.
Phylum: Magnoliophyta
Class: Liliopsida
Order: Poales
Family: Typhaceae
Common name: Bulrush
Distribution: Throughout world
Habitat: Marshes, stream banks, dams, lakes
Description: This is a perennial leafy herb. The stem is erect and simple and
terminates in dense cylindrical velvety-brown lower spikes. Leaves are
long, bluish gray to green, and strap shaped with a maximum length of
1.5 m. Flowers are minute and unisexual. Male and female lowers occupy
the top and lower portions of the spike, respectively.
Compounds and activities: Methanol extracts of dried ground leaves and rhi-
zomes of this species showed signiicant antibacterial activities. Methanol
was found to be the best extractant with an average MIC value of 0.75 mg/ml
(rhizome) and 0.21 mg/ml (leaves). E. coli and Enterococcus faecalis were
the most sensitive, with average MIC values of 0.53 and 0.42 mg/ml, respec-
tively. The MIC values for the positive control (ampicillin) ranged from
0.08 to 0.16 mg/ml (Masoko et al., 2008).
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