Environmental Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
Phylum: Magnoliophyta
Class: Liliopsida
Order: Poales
Family: Cyperaceae
Common name: Coco-grass, nut grass
Distribution: Africa, Europe, France, Austria, Asia
Habitat: Banks of rivers and streams, crop ields
Description: This perennial species grows to a maximum height of 150 cm.
Leaves (20 cm long) sprout in ranks of three from the base of the plant.
Hermaphroditic lowers have three stamina and three stigma, carpel.
Rhizomes are blackish, hard, and fragrant tubers.
Compounds and activities: The alcoholic extract (280 mg/kg) of the rhizome
of this species showed signiicant reduction in serum lipid proile. At this
extract concentration, the values of serum total cholesterol, serum low-
density lipoprotein, serum triglyceride, and serum high-density lipoprotein
were found to be 239.44 ± 4.028, 119.37 ± 2.60, 276.53 ± 9.70, and 64.76 ±
0.62 mg/dl (Chandratre et al., 2011).
TYPHA ANGUSTATA
BORY & CHAUB
Phylum: Magnoliophyta
Class: Liliopsida
Order: Poales
Family: Typhaceae
Common name: Lesser Indian reed mace
Distribution: Pantropical, Pakistan
Habitat: Shallow ponds, riverbanks
Description: It is a perennial plant growing to a maximum height of 2 m. The
stem is erect, and the leaves are thick, with a maximum width of 12 mm.
Male and female lowers develop in complex spikes on the same verti-
cal stem.
Compounds and activities: The bioactive compounds isolated from this species
include bacosides, bacopasides, and bacopasaponins. Its (2S)-naringenin
inhibits proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs), thereby
avoiding myocardial infarction (Lee et al.,
2012).
