Environmental Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
Phylum: Magnoliophyta Class: Magnoliopsida
Order: Nymphaeles Family: Nymphaeceae
Common name: Variegated pond lily, bull-head pond lily
Distribution: Canada, Northern United States
Habitat: Ponds
Description: This perennial plant species has a spongy rhizome, and its sub-
merged stems have simple, arrow-shaped, alternate leaves (15 × 5 cm) that
loat on the surface of water. The yellow and globe- or saucer-shaped low-
ers have six sepals each.
Compounds and activities: The extracts of this plant species possess biologi-
cally active tannins that have anticoagulant and antimicrobial activities.
A signiicant increase of partial thromboblastin time (PTT) (more than
20 min) was observed in this species (Staba et al., 1972). The microbial
species inhibited by this species include the mycobacterium
Smegmatis
,
bacterial species
S. aureus
, and fungal species
C. albicans
.
MYRIOPHYLLUM EXALBESCENS
FERNALD
Phylum: Magnoliophyta
Class: Magnoliopsida
Order: Haloragales
Family: Haloragaceae
Common name: Water milfoil
Distribution: Europe
Habitat: Shallow to deepwater lakes, ponds, ditches, marshes, slow-moving streams
Description: This submersed perennial plant has simple to freely branched
stems (30-100 cm long). The leaves, which are 1-3 cm long, are pinnately
dissected. The lowering spikes are red or reddish purple. While the upper
male lowers are with petals, the lower female lowers are without petals.
The fruits are olive in color and are subglobose.
Compounds and activities: The extracts of this plant species showed the pres-
ence of cyanidin glycosides, anthocyanins, lavonols, and lavonoid sul-
fate. Among them, anthocyanins, lavonols, and lavonoid sulfate possess
anticoagulant properties. A signiicant increase of partial thromboblastin
