Environmental Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
SYNECHOCOCCUS ELONGATUS
(NAGELI) NAGELI, 1849
Phylum: Cyanobacteria Class: Cyanophyceae
Order: Synechococcales Family: Synechococcaceae
Distribution: Europe, Southwest Asia, Central Asia
Habitat: Dirty ponds, eutrophic habitats
Description: The cells of this unicellular species are rod shaped and are with-
out lagella or cilia. They are photoautotrophic and can swim or glide.
Compounds and activities: The methanol extracts of this plant species have
been reported to show potent effects in reducing cell-free Epstein-Barr
virus (EBV) DNA with a high therapeutic index. A fraction of the extract
obtained from column chromatography was found to reduce the cell-free
EBV DNA most effectively (EC
50
= 2.9 µg/ml) with a therapeutic index of
>69. On the other hand, with further fractionation by high-performance liq-
uid chromatography (HPLC), its subfraction was found to be most effective
in reducing the cell-free EBV DNA (EC
50
= 1.38 µg/ml) with a therapeutic
index of >14.5 (Kok et al., 2011).
ANABAENA SPHAERICA
BORNET & FLAHAULT, 1888
Phylum: Cyanobacteria
Class: Cyanophyceae
Order: Nostocales
Family: Nostocaceae
Distribution: Europe, Africa
Habitat: Freshwater habitats, rice ields
Description: This is a ilamentous, nitrogen-ixing planktonic species. The il-
aments are unbranched, and the cells are arranged end to end. Heterocysts
are present among cells of the ilaments.
Compounds and activities: The bioactive compounds isolated from this spe-
cies include carotenoids, phycocyanin, and several saturated and unsatu-
rated fatty acids. The unsaturated fatty acids include oleic, linoleic, and
linolenic acids. The unsaponiiable compounds isolated from this species
are cholesterol, campesterol, and stigmasterol. The phycocyanin of this