Database Concepts - Data Warehouse Systems: Design and Implementation - page 48

example, the Belgian Grand Prix has been held alternatively in the Spa-
Francorchamps, Zolder, and Nivelles circuits.
A team has a name (e.g., Scuderia Ferrari), one or two bases (e.g.,
Maranello, Italy), and one or two current principals (e.g., Stefano
Domenicali). In addition, a team keeps track of its debut (the first
Grand Prix entered), the number of races competed, the number of
world championships won by constructor and by driver, the highest race
finish (consisting of place and number of times), the number of race
victories, the number of pole positions, and the number of fastest laps.
A team competing in a season has a full name, which typically includes
its current sponsor (e.g., Scuderia Ferrari Marlboro from 1997 to 2011),
a chassis (e.g., F138), an engine (e.g., Ferrari 056), and a tyre brand
(e.g., Bridgestone).
For each driver, the following information is kept: name, nationality,
birth date and birth place, number of races entered, number champi-
onships won, number of wins, number of podiums, total points in the
career, number of pole positions, number of fastest laps, highest race
finish (consisting of place and number of times), and highest grid position
(consisting of place and number of times). Drivers are hired by teams
competing in a season as either main drivers or test drivers. Each team
has two main drivers and usually two test drivers, but the number of
test drivers may vary from none to six. In addition, although a main
driver is usually associated with a team for the whole season, it may
only participate in some of the races of the season. A team participating
in a season is assigned two consecutivenumbersforitsmaindrivers,
where the number 1 is assigned to the team that won the constructor's
world title the previous season. Further, the number 13 is usually not
given to a car, it only appeared once in the Mexican Grand Prix in 1963.
A driver participating in a Grand Prix must participate in a qualifying
session, which determines the starting order for the race. The results kept
for a driver participating in the qualifying session are the position and
the time realized for the three parts (called Q1, Q2, and Q3). Finally,
the results kept for a driver participating in a race are the following:
position (may be optional), number of laps, time, the reason why the
driver retired or was disqualified (both may be optional), and the number
of points (scored only for the top eight finishers).
(a) Design an ER schema for this application. In particular, state the
identifiers and the derived attributes. Note any unspecified require-
ments and integrity constraints, and make appropriate assumptions
to make the specification complete. If you need additional informa-
tion, you may look at the various existing Formula One web sites.
(b) Translate the ER schema above into the relational model. Indicate
the keys of each relation, the referential integrity constraints, and
the non-null constraints.