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FIGURE 4.12
Output for chi-square test of independence with three search engines; SPSS.
SIDEBAR: ASYMPTOTIC? NOT TO WORRY
Do not concern yourself with the fact that the label for p -value in Figure 4.9 says “Asymp. Sig.”
This is due to the previously mentioned fact that the chi-square distribution is continuous, while
the data values (observed frequencies) are automatically integers. “Asymp” stands for asymptotic,
and indicates that the p -value is exactly true only when we have an ininite number of degrees of
freedom (we have two degrees of freedom, the value just to the left of the p -value). However, for all
practical purposes, we can rely on the given p -value (here, 0.010) to be suficiently accurate for our
needs.
 
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