Geology Reference
In-Depth Information
this 300 m to 1,000 m thick succession includes an Upper
Jurassic, shallow marine to fluvial sequence (the
Stanleyville Group), in turn overlain by an Upper Jurassic
to Lower Cretaceous aeolian sequence (the Dekese Forma-
tion), recording a first cycle of basin expansion, emersion
and desertification. U-Pb geochronology using detrital
zircons collected from this aeolian sequence reveals abun-
dant late Mesoproterozoic (1 Ga) and late Neoproterozoic
(550-850 Ma) source areas of Pan African terrains to the
CB. In addition, the occurrence of Paleozoic (ca. 430 Ma
and 290 Ma) and Mesozoic zircons (ca. 240 Ma and
190 Ma) attests to the emergence of new different sources,
most likely derived from the proto-Andes, located ca.
5,000 km to the south of the CB in a Gondwana setting
(Fig.
8.18
). In the CB, the three overlying middle and
Upper Cretaceous, lacustrine to progressively more fluvial
sequences (the Loia, Bokungu and Upper Kwango Groups)
record a second major cycle of basin expansion and con-
traction, terminated by a regional peneplanation surface
overlain by calcretized and silcretized sands and alluviums
of the Kalahari Group.
Cahen L (1983b) Le Groupe de Stanleyville (Jurassic superieur et
Wealdien de l
'
int
´
rieur de la R
´
publique du Za
¨
re): R
´
vision des
connaissances. Rapport annuel du Mus
´
e Royal de l
'
Afrique
centrale, Tervuren (Belgique), D
´
partement de G
´
ologie et de
Min´ralogie, pp 73-91
Cahen L, Lepersonne J (1952)
´
quivalence entre le syst`me du
Kalahari du Congo belge et les Kalahari beds d
Afrique austral.
M´moires de la Soci´t´ Belge G´ologique, Pal´ontologique, et
Hydrologique, Tervuren (Belgique), S´rie in-8, Sciences G´o-
logiques, 4, 63p
Cahen L, Ferrand JJ, Haarsma MJF, Lepersonne J, Vebeek T (1959)
Description du Sondage de Samba. Annales du Mus´e Royal du
Congo belge, Tervuren (Belgique), S´rie in-8, Sciences g´o-
logiques, 29, 210p
Cahen L, Ferrand JJ, Haarsma MJF, Lepersonne J, Vebeek T (1960)
Description du Sondage de Dekese. Annales du Mus´e Royal du
Congo belge, Tervuren (Belgique), S´rie in-8, Sciences g´o-
logiques, 34, 115p
Cahen L, Snelling NJ, Delhal J, Vail J (1984) The geochronology and
evolution of Africa. Clarendon Press, Oxford, p 512pp
Casier E (1965) Poissons fossiles de la S´rie du Kwango (Congo).
Annales du Mus
´
e
'
Afrique Centrale, Tervuren
(Belgique), S
´
rie in-8, Sciences g
´
ologiques, 50, 69p
Censier C, Lang J (1999) Sedimentary processes in the Carnot For-
mation (Central African Republic) related to the palaeogeographic
framework of Central Africa. Sediment Geol 127(1-2):47-64
Cocherie A, Robert M (2008) Laser ablation coupled with ICP-MS
applied to U-Pb zircon geochronology: A review of
royal de
l
'
recent
advances. Gondwana Res 14:597-608
Colin J-P (1981) Paleontological study of the Esso/Texaco well Gilson-
1, Zaire. Unpublished report EPR-E.WA19.81
Colin J-P (1994) Mesozoic-Cenozoic lacustrine sediments in the
Za¨re Interior Basin. In: Gierlowski-Kordesch E, Kelts K (eds)
Global geological record of Lake Basins, vol 4. Cambridge Univer-
sity Press, Cambridge, pp 31-36
Colin J-P, Jan du Chˆne J (1981) Paleontological study of the Esso/
Texaco well Mbandaka-1, Zaire. Unpublished report EPR-E.
WA15.81
Cox LR (1960) Further mollusca from the Lualaba beds of the
Belgian Congo. Annales du Mus´e Royal du Congo belge, Tervuren
(Belgique) 37, pp 1-15
Dalrymple RW (1992) Tidal depositional systems. In: Walker RG,
James NP (eds) Facies models: response to sea level change.
Ontario, Geological Association of Canada, pp 195-218
De Carvalho H (1981) Geologia de Angola. 4 folhas, escala 1: 1 000
000. Laborat´rio Nacional de investiga¸˜o Cientifica Tropical,
Junta de Investiga¸˜oes Cientifica do Ultramar
De Wit MJ, Jeffery M, Berg H, Nicolayson LO (1988) Geological Map
of sectors of Gondwana reconstructed to their position ~150 Ma
(with explanatory notes), scale 1: 1.000.000. American Association
of Petroleum Geologist, Tulsa
De Wit MJC, K
¨
stlin EO, Liddle RS (2011) Prospecting in Africa:
narratives by early De Beers explorers in the search for diamonds. De
Beers Consolidated Mines Limited, Johannesburg, South Africa, p 374p
Defretin-Lefranc S (1967)
´
tude sur les phyllopodes du Bassin du
Congo. Annales du Mus
´
e Royal de l
'
Afrique centrale, Tervuren
(Belgique), S´rie in-8, Sciences g´ologiques, 56, 122p
Delhal J (1991) Situation g´ochronologique 1990 du Precambrian du
Sud-Kasai et de l'Ouest-Shaba. Rapport annuel du Mus´e Royal de
l'Afrique centrale, Tervuren (Belgique), D´partement de G´ologie
et de Min´ralogie, pp 119-125
Desthieux F (1995) Carte G´ologique de la R´publique du Congo au
1:1.000.000. Geological Survey of South Africa, South Africa
Doyle JA, Jardin´ S, Doerenkamp A (1982) Afropollis, a new genus of
early
Acknowledgments
We acknowledge funding through the Inkaba
yeAfrica and !Khure Africa programs, supported by the DST/NRF of
South Africa. B. Linol particularly thanks Edmond Thorose from BRC
DiamondCore Ltd. for his guidance in the field in southwestern DRC,
and Ariel Boven at the RMCA—Royal Museum of Central Africa in
Belgium for his help in accessing the archived cores. We also thank
Anthony Tankard and an anonymous referee for reviews that improved
this chapter. This AEON contribution number 128 and Inkaba yeAfrica
number 98.
References
Blackburn TJ, Olsen PE, Bowring SA, McLean NM, Kent DV, Puffer J,
McHone G, Rasbury ET, Et-Touhami M (2013) Zircon U-Pb Geo-
chronology links the end-Triassic extinction with the Central Atlan-
tic Magmatic Province. Science 340(6135):941-945
Boulouard C, Calandra F (1963) Etude palynologique de quelques
sondages de la R
´
publique du Congo (Congo ex-Belge). Unpub-
lished report R/ST-no.7376, SNPA Direction exploration et produc-
tion Pau, France
Caen-Vachette M, Vialette Y, Bassot J-P, Vidal P (1988) Apport de la
g
´
ochronologie isotopique
`
la connaissance de la g
´
ologie
gabonaise. Chron Rech Min 491:35-54
Cahen L (1951) Donn
´
es nouvelles concernant la g
´
ologie at la g
´
o-
morphologie du Kasai oriental et l
'
origine du diamant. Annales de
la Soci´t´ G´ologique de Belgique, Tervuren, (Belgique), LXXIV,
pp 105-122
Cahen L (1954) G´ologie du Congo Belge. Vaillant-Carmanne, Li`ge,
p 577
Cahen L (1983a) Br`ves pr´cisions sur l
ˆge des groupes cr´taciques
post-Wealdien (Loia, Bokungu, Kwango) du Bassin interieur du
Congo (Republique du Za¨re). Rapport annuel du Mus´e Royal de
l
'
angiosperm pollen, with
note
on
the Cretaceous
Afrique centrale, Tervuren (Belgique), D´partement de G´ologie
et de Min´ralogie, pp 61-72
'
Search WWH ::
Custom Search