Biotechnology of Fruit Quality - Fruit Ripening: Physiology, Signalling and Genomics - page 275

( b-Chy ) ( Capsicum annuum )

G -carotene o
D -carotene + E -carotene o
zeaxanthin, D -carotene o lutein

9- cis -Epoxycarotenoid dioxygenase 3
( NCED1 ) ( S. lycopersicum )

9- cis -Violaxanthin o xanthoxin,
9- cis -neoxanthin o xanthoxin

E8 (RNAi)

n E -carotene and lycopene; 20-50% p
abscisic acid

Sun et al. (2012)

DE-ETIOLATED ( DET1 ) ( S.
lycopersicum )

TFs negatively regulate
photomorphogenic responses

P119 , 2A11 ,
TFM7 (RNAi)

2-fold n lycopene; 4-fold n E -carotene;
3.5-fold n fl avonoids; no change in
fruit weight and total soluble solids in
red-ripe fruit

Davuluri et al. (2005)

Cryptochrome 2 ( CRY2 ) ( S.
lycopersicum )

Blue light photoreceptor CaMV 35S (OE) 1.5-fold n lutein; 1.7-fold n carotenoids;

2.9-fold n fl avonoids

Giliberto et al. (2005)

ELONGATED HYPOCOTYL 5 ( HY5 )
( S. lycopersicum )

Positive regulator of phytochrome
signal transduction

CaMV 35S (RNAi) p carotenoid Liu et al. (2004)

CONSTITUTIVELY
PHOTOMORPHOGENIC 1 ( COP1-
like ) ( S. lycopersicum )

TFs negatively regulate
photomorphogenic responses

CaMV 35S (RNAi) 2-fold n carotenoids Liu et al. (2004)

Spermidine synthase ( SPE3 )
( Saccharomyces cerevisiae )

Putrescine o spermidine CaMV 35S (OE) 40% n lycopene Nambeesan et al. (2010)

Spermidine synthase ( Md-SPDS1 )
( Malus × domestica )

As above CaMV 35S (OE) n PSY and PDS and p CRTL-B and CRTL-E

transcripts; 1.3-2.2-fold n lycopene

Neily et al. (2011)

SAM decarboxylase ( SPE2 ) ( S.
cerevisiae )

SAM o decarboxylated SAM E8 (OE) 2-3-fold n lycopene Mehta et al. (2002)

CaMV 35S , caulifl ower mosaic virus 35S promoter; E8 , tomato fruit-specifi c E8 promoter; Pds , fruit-specifi c phytoene desaturase promoter; PG , fruit ripening-specifi c polygalacturonase 2
promoter; atpI (ATPase IV subunit), tobacco plastid-specifi c promoter; P119 , 2A11 , TFM7 , fruit-specifi c promoters; fi brillin, ripening-enhanced promoter of fi brillin; RNAi, RNAi-mediated
repression of target gene; OE, overexpression of the introduced gene; AS, antisense-mediated downregulation; TF, transcription factor; SAM, S-adenosylmethionine; n , increased levels; p ,
decreased levels; o , substrate to product conversion.