Applying the Ultraviolet Radiation Exposure Limits - Environmental UV Radiation: Impact on Ecosystems and Human Health and Predictive Models - page 265

Table A1.2: Reflectance of ACGIH/ICNIRP-effective solar UV-B from terrain surfaces

Terrain surfaces Diffuse reflectance effective solar UV-B

(ACGIH/ICNIRP spectral weighting)

Green mountain grassland 0.8 - 1.6 %

Dry grassland 2.0 - 3.7 %

Wooden boat dock 6.4 %

Black asphalt 5 - 9 %

Concrete pavement 8 - 12 %

Atlantic beach sand (dry) 15 - 18 %

Atlantic beach sand (wet) 7%

Sea foam (surf) 25 - 30 %

Dirty snow 59%

Fresh snow 88%

Source: Sliney, D.H., 1983

Table A1.3: Measured ACGIH effective UVB from the sky with a 40° cone filed of view.

Sky conditions location, elevation Zenith reading

(µWcm-² sr -1 )

Directly at sun
(µWcm-² sr -1 )

Opposite sun
(µWcm-² sr -1 )

Horizon sky
(µWcm-² sr -1 )

Clear sky, dry, sea level 0.1 1.4 Z=70° 0.22 0.27

Clear sky, humid, sea level 0.27 4.1 Z=50° 0.27 0.24

Ground fog, sea level 0.04 0.19 Z=75° 0.04 0.03

Hazy humid, sea level 0.014 1.4 Z=70° 0.22 0.54

Cloudy bright, 700 m 0.54 0.44 Z=45° 0.27 0.05

(tree-line)

Hazy beach 0.54 0.60 Z=75° 0.54 0.60

Hazy beach 0.38 3.5 Z=40° 0.54 0.44

Clear mountain top (2750 m) 0.54 1.6 Z=25° 0.82 0.08

Source: Sliney, D.H., 1983.