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(
)
where
fr
stands for a raw frequency of template
c
j
(the number of times the
template is mentioned in the input video sequence). The maximum is computed
over all templates mentioned in the content of the input video;
N
v
denotes the
total number of videos in the system and
n
c
j
(
)
c
j
denotes the number of videos in
which the index template
c
j
appears.
10.3.2
Performance Comparison for Retrievals from Movie
Database
An Interactive-based Analysis and Retrieval of Multimedia (iARM) system is
a web-based search engine [
324
], and has been implemented using TFM video
indexing structure and an interactive content-based retrieval strategy. This section
demonstrates its application for retrieval of “video clips” from a video database of
20 h, which includes 14 Hollywood movies segmented into a total of 2,401 video
clips, each of which is approximately 30 s long. Table
10.3
gives the details of the
database. The iARM system is implemented to manage a centralized database using
the Java 2 Enterprise Editions (J2EE), shown in Fig.
10.4
. In this system, the video
database is located on a single server, and the system provides user interactions
through Java Server Page (JSP) interface. The requests and feedback on the client
sides are implemented through JSP, which are then processed within the Java Bean
on the server side.
The TFM method was applied for indexing all video clips in the database. In a
separate off-line process, each video clip was indexed by a set of visual templates.
Thesizeofthissetwas
T
c
=
000. During the online process, the video search was
initiated by the query submitted by the user and followed by relevance feedback.
Using the same strategy as the relevance feedback technique described in [
323
],
a new query was obtained by enhancing the relevant models and suppressing the
irrelevant models from the original query [cf. Eq. (
2.7
)].
2
,
Table 10.3
Video database, containing 20 h of Hollywood movies
ID
Movie name
ID
Movie name
1
15 Minutes
8
Lion King
2
40 Days & 40 Nights
9
US Marshals
3
A beautiful Mind
10
Me, Myself & Irene
4
Dr. T
11
The Adventures of Pluto Nash
5
Final Fantasy
12
Romeo Must Die
6
Gladiator
13
Scooby-Doo
7
Just visiting
14
The Two Towers
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