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NEUT
In Theta Power
NEG
POS
NEUT
In Beta Power
NEG
POS
in
ʸ
in
ʲ
4.70
In Alpha1 Power
5.30
6.00
3.24
3.56
3.88
In Alpha2 Power
in
ʱ
1
in
ʱ
2
4.25
4.96
5.68
3.77
4.70
5.63
Fig. 4
Brain map from EEG data in different frequency bands (Aftanas et al.,
1998
)
baseline also all need to be set correctly. Then, the researchers need to find out the
meaningful segments of EEG data and integrate and average them into the ERP
waveform (Huang & Liu,
2013
).
In Fig.
5
, there are many coding numbers which indicate the individual ERP
components from the ERP waveform, such as P1, N1, P2, N2, and P3. These
different ERP components could reflect the different specific types of cognitive
processing. For example, the P3 component could reflect participants
attention. Ho
et al. (
2012
) used the P3 component to explore the age-related changes of task-
specific brain activity in normal aging. They found that younger adults showed
higher amplitude of the P3 component than elderly adults, proving that human
attention decreases with age.
In the last paragraph, the code “N” means negative brain potentials in the brain
wave data, while the code “P” indicates positive potentials in the brain wave data.
The components of brain waves such as P1, N1, P2, N2, and P3 have been defined in
previous neuroscience studies. In a similar case, the analyzed ERP waveform could
reflect that when the participants respond to a task about mental rotation, a specific
component, which is called rotation-related negativity, is induced with latency
between 400 and 800 ms (Heil & Rolke,
2002
; Huang & Liu,
2012
) (Fig.
6
).
Kiefer, Schuch, Schenck, and Fiedler (
2007
) discussed affect and memory using
ERPs. The results of their study revealed that the neurocognitive mechanisms
during encoding subserving later successful recall depend on the affective state.
In their study, the ERP data were transferred into the data of the brain map (Fig.
7
).
The left data of the brain map in Fig.
7
show the state of brain activity when
participants were experiencing positive affect (i.e., they were in a good mood),
while the right data of the brain map in Fig.
7
shows the state of brain activity when
the participants were experiencing negative affect (i.e., they were in a bad mood).
These two different sets of brain map data show that when participants exhibit
'
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