Chemistry Reference
In-Depth Information
endurance, and creativity. The complete instrument was developed by Kim
et al. (
1988
) in Korean, and the translated version with a Cronbach
s alpha reliabil-
ity of 0.86 is provided in Appendix. For each statement, students were required to
indicate the extent to which they agreed with each statement on a Likert-type scale
ranging from “1” for “strongly disagree” to “5” for “strongly agree.” Students were
given 15 min to complete the questionnaire on each occasion. The overall internal
consistency of the questionnaire as measured by the Cronbach
'
'
s alpha reliability
was found to be 0.80 for the pretest and 0.84 for the posttest.
4.4.2 Torrance Tests of Creative Thinking
The
Torrance Tests of Creative Thinking (TTCT)
(Torrance,
1990
), is widely used
for measuring general creativity when resolving proposed problems; when students
are presented with a particular problem in
TTCT
, they would first have to recognize
the problem and then analyze the given situation before providing reasons for their
hypotheses and predictions. The
TTCT
involves processes that are very similar
when resolving problems in science and has been successfully used in gauging
creativity of students in middle-school science (Oh et al.,
2005
) and in high-school
science (Suh,
2007
).
The
TTCT
was previously translated from English into Korean and then back
translated into English by Kim (
2004
) to ensure that the essence of the instrument
had not changed during the translation process. The verbal form of the
TTCT
consists of six exercises relating to each of the tasks,
asking questions
,
guessing
causes
,
guessing effects
,
improving products
,
imagining multipurpose
, and
just
supposing
. An instructional manual provides information on how each of the
tasks is to be performed; details relating to the task of
improving products
are
provided in Fig.
1
.
The creative thinking ability in each task is based on the three mental charac-
teristics of fluency, flexibility, and originality. These three mental characteristics
are defined as follows: (1) fluency is the total number of relevant ideas, (2) flexibility
is the number of different categories of relevant ideas, and (3) originality is the
number of unusual but relevant ideas. On initial consideration, it may seem that the
This is the stuffed elephant toy that we can easily find
in any toy store. It is about 15cm in height and 300g in
weight. Think of wise, clever and unique ways to
change or transform it to play with more fun. Don't
worry about money. Just concentrate on how to make
it more fun to play with.
Fig. 1 Instructions in the TTCT manual associated with
improving products
Search WWH ::
Custom Search