Biology Reference
In-Depth Information
Table 2
Heart rate a and blood pressure # measured during various activities in mice
Mean
arterial
Activity
Heart rate
Systolic
Diastolic
Sleeping
350-450
102-112
70-80
86-96
Resting (awake)
450-500
110-117
75-85
93-103
After light activity
600-650
126-138
94-109
110-124
During weighing
700-750
140-155
105-120
123-138
During restraint
750-800
140-155
105-120
123-138
After placement in new cage
750-800
140-155
105-120
123-138
Light
344-358
119-122
86-88
97-99
Dark
402-418
124-125
91-92
102-104
Recorded via radiotelemetry according to ref. ( 48 ), adapted from refs. ( 49 ) and ( 50 )
a beats per minute
# mmHg
Experimental stroke models, in contrast to the usual manage-
ment of human stroke, must account for the effects of anesthesia
and any trauma that is incurred due to the technique used in each
particular stroke model ( 19 ). Blood pressure often fl uctuates due
to type and depth of anesthesia as well as the secondary effects on
other parameters, such as core body temperature ( 17 ). The effects
of anesthesia may also blunt the normal physiologic response to
stroke, which includes elevation of blood pressure in order to
maintain cerebral perfusion pressure. The alteration of systemic
blood pressure impacts regional cerebral blood fl ow, especially in
the peri-infarct area where autoregulation is impaired. The impact
of physiologic parameters, especially blood pressure, on cerebral
blood fl ow is related to outcomes in experimental stroke studies as
well as in human clinical trials ( 20 ).
In experimental stroke studies with small rodents, the two
most commonly used techniques for blood pressure monitoring
are the indirect tail cuff method and direct arterial pressure mea-
surement through an exteriorized catheter and pressure transducer.
The use of an implantable radiotelemetry system has been vali-
dated and has gained popularity over the past few years, offering a
third option ( 21, 22 ).
The tail cuff method offers an indirect and noninvasive approach
to blood pressure measurement. The method is often very effi cient
and computerized applications that accompany commercially
available systems can measure and record numerous data points
over time with minimal training and technical understanding.
2.1. The Tail Cuff
Method
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