Biology Reference
In-Depth Information
4.1. Alternative
Methods for the
Measurement
of Vasospasm
The common alternative method to measure vasospasm is
angiography, which may be catheter-based, computed tomographic
or magnetic resonance imaging. The resolution of the latter two
methods is improving but is currently not as good as catheter
angiography for arteries of the size used in most experimental
models of SAH. For catheter angiography, typically a baseline and
followup study are done and similar points are measured along the
artery of interest and means are calculated ( 7, 15 ). Angiography
more easily shows more of the cerebral vasculature and can be
repeated over time but it requires radiology equipment. The accuracy
also decreases as the size of the arteries imaged decreases ( 16 ).
References
1. Macdonald RL, Pluta RM, Zhang JH (2007)
Cerebral vasospasm after subarachnoid hemor-
rhage: the emerging revolution. Nat Clin Pract
Neurol 3:256-263
2. Jeon H, Ai J, Sabri M, Tariq A, Shang X, Chen
G, Macdonald RL (2009) Neurological and neu-
robehavioral assessment of experimental suba-
rachnoid hemorrhage. BMC Neurosci 10:103
3. Sabri M, Jeon H, Ai J, Tariq A, Shang X, Chen
G, Macdonald RL (2009) Anterior circulation
mouse model of subarachnoid hemorrhage.
Brain Res 1295:179-185
4. Macdonald RL, Kassell NF, Mayer S,
Ruefenacht D, Schmiedek P, Weidauer S, Frey
A, Roux S, Pasqualin A (2008) Clazosentan to
overcome neurological ischemia and infarction
occurring after subarachnoid hemorrhage
(CONSCIOUS-1): randomized, double-blind,
placebo-controlled phase 2 dose-fi nding trial.
Stroke 39:3015-3021
5. Barth M, Capelle HH, Weidauer S, Weiss C,
Munch E, Thome C, Luecke T, Schmiedek P,
Kasuya H, Vajkoczy P (2007) Effect of nicar-
dipine prolonged-release implants on cerebral
vasospasm and clinical outcome after severe
aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage: a pro-
spective, randomized, double-blind phase IIa
study. Stroke 38:330-336
6. Espinosa F, Weir B, Boisvert D, Overton T,
Castor W (1982) Chronic cerebral vasospasm
after large subarachnoid hemorrhage in mon-
keys. J Neurosurg 57:224-232
7. Jahromi BS, Aihara Y, Ai J, Zhang ZD, Nikitina
E, Macdonald RL (2008) Voltage-gated K +
channel dysfunction in myocytes from a dog
model of subarachnoid hemorrhage. J Cereb
Blood Flow Metab 28:797-811
8. Lehman RM, Kassell NF, Nazar GB, Weir BK,
Johshita H, Nosko M, Duling BR, Owens GK
(1988) Morphometric methods in the study of
vasospasm. In: Wilkins RH (ed) Cerebral vasos-
pasm. Raven, New York, pp 113-117
9. Macdonald RL, Weir BK, Grace MG, Martin
TP, Doi M, Cook DA (1991) Morphometric
analysis of monkey cerebral arteries exposed
in vivo to whole blood, oxyhemoglobin, meth-
emoglobin, and bilirubin. Blood Vessels
28:498-510
10. Barry KJ, Gogjian MA, Stein BM (1979) Small
animal model for investigation of subarachnoid
hemorrhage and cerebral vasospasm. Stroke
10:538-541
11. Meguro T, Clower BR, Carpenter R, Parent
AD, Zhang JH (2001) Improved rat model
for cerebral vasospasm studies. Neurol Res
23:761-766
12. Tariq A, Ai J, Chen G, Sabri M, Jeon H, Shang
X, Macdonald RL (2010) Loss of long-term
potentiation in the hippocampus after experi-
mental subarachnoid hemorrhage in rats.
Neuroscience 165:418-426
13. Fischer EG, Ames A III, Hedley-Whyte ET,
O'Gorman S (1977) Reassessment of cerebral
capillary changes in acute global ischemia and
their relationship to the “no-refl ow phenome-
non”. Stroke 8:36-39
14. Mulvany MJ (1999) Vascular remodelling of
resistance vessels: can we defi ne this? Cardiovasc
Res 41:9-13
15. Nishizawa Y (1993) [The pathogenesis and
the preventive treatment of cerebral vasos-
pasm following subarachnoid hemorrhage -
especially clinical and pharmacological effect
of Ca++ antagonist for vasospasm] [Japanese].
Nippon Rinsho Jpn J Clin Med 51(Suppl):
389-396
16. Chan RC, Karl WC, Lees RS (2000) A new
model-based technique for enhanced small-
vessel measurements in X-ray cine-angiograms.
IEEE Trans Med Imaging 19:243-255
Search WWH ::




Custom Search