Physiological Assessments of Subarachnoid Hemorrhage - Animal Models of Acute Neurological Injuries: Injury and Mechanistic Assessments - page 318

4. Pobereskin LH (2001) Incidence and outcome
of subarachnoid haemorrhage: a retrospective
population based study. J Neurol Neurosurg
Psychiatry 70(3):340-343
5. Unterberg AW, Sakowitz OW, Sarrafzadeh AS,
Benndorf G, Lanksch WR (2001) Role of bed-
side microdialysis in the diagnosis of cerebral
vasospasm following aneurysmal subarachnoid
hemorrhage. J Neurosurg 94(5):740-749.
doi: 10.3171/jns.2001.94.5.0740
6. Dreier JP, Woitzik J, Fabricius M, Bhatia R,
Major S, Drenckhahn C, Lehmann TN,
Sarrafzadeh A, Willumsen L, Hartings JA,
Sakowitz OW, Seemann JH, Thieme A,
Lauritzen M, Strong AJ (2006) Delayed ischae-
mic neurological defi cits after subarachnoid
haemorrhage are associated with clusters of
spreading depolarizations. Brain 129(Pt 12):3224-
3237. doi: awl297[pii]10.1093/brain/awl297
7. Sehba FA, Bederson JB (2006) Mechanisms
of acute brain injury after subarachnoid hem-
orrhage. Neurol Res 28(4):381-398.
doi: 10.1179/016164106X114991
8. Dreier JP, Major S, Manning A, Woitzik J,
Drenckhahn C, Steinbrink J, Tolias C, Oliveira-
Ferreira AI, Fabricius M, Hartings JA, Vajkoczy
P, Lauritzen M, Dirnagl U, Bohner G, Strong
AJ (2009) Cortical spreading ischaemia is a
novel process involved in ischaemic damage
in patients with aneurysmal subarachnoid
haemorrhage. Brain 132(Pt 7):1866-1881.
doi: awp102 [pii]10.1093/brain/awp102
9. Dietz RM, Weiss JH, Shuttleworth CW (2008)
Zn2+ infl ux is critical for some forms of spreading
depression in brain slices. J Neurosci 28(32):
8014-8024. doi: 28/32/8014[pii]10.1523/
JNEUROSCI.0765-08.2008
10. Balestrino M, Somjen GG (1986)
Chlorpromazine protects brain tissue in hypoxia
by delaying spreading depression-mediated cal-
cium infl ux. Brain Res 385(2):219-226.
doi: 0006-8993(86)91067-X [pii]
11. Young JN, Aitken PG, Somjen GG (1991)
Calcium, magnesium, and long-term recovery
from hypoxia in hippocampal tissue slices.
Brain Res 548(1-2):343-345. doi: 0006-
8993(91)91146-R[pii]
12. Kawasaki K, Czeh G, Somjen GG (1988)
Prolonged exposure to high potassium concen-
tration results in irreversible loss of synaptic
transmission in hippocampal tissue slices. Brain
Res 457(2):322-329. doi: 0006-8993(88)
90702-0[pii]
13. Jing J, Aitken PG, Somjen GG (1991) Lasting
neuron depression induced by high potassium
and its prevention by low calcium and NMDA
receptor blockade. Brain Res 557(1-2):
177-183. doi: 0006-8993(91)90132-F[pii]

14. Gwag BJ, Canzoniero LM, Sensi SL, Demaro
JA, Koh JY, Goldberg MP, Jacquin M, Choi
DW (1999) Calcium ionophores can induce
either apoptosis or necrosis in cultured cortical
neurons. Neuroscience 90(4):1339-1348.
doi: S0306-4522(98)00508-9[pii]
15. Kraig RP, Nicholson C (1978) Extracellular
ionic variations during spreading depression.
Neuroscience 3(11):1045-1059
16. Somjen GG (2004) Ions in the brain. Oxford
University Press, Oxford
17. Windmuller O, Lindauer U, Foddis M, Einhaupl
KM, Dirnagl U, Heinemann U, Dreier JP
(2005) Ion changes in spreading ischaemia
induce rat middle cerebral artery constriction in
the absence of NO. Brain 128(Pt 9):2042-2051.
doi: awh545[pii]10.1093/brain/awh545

18. Dreier JP (2011) The role of spreading depres-
sion, spreading depolarization and spreading
ischemia in neurological disease. Nat Med
17(4):439-447
19. Leão AAP (1947) Further observations on the
spreading depression of activity in the cerebral
cortex. J Neurophysiol 10:409-414
20. Canals S, Makarova I, Lopez-Aguado L, Largo
C, Ibarz JM, Herreras O (2005) Longitudinal
depolarization gradients along the somatoden-
dritic axis of CA1 pyramidal cells: a novel fea-
ture of spreading depression. J Neurophysiol
94(2):943-951. doi: 01145.2004[pii]10.1152/
jn.01145.2004
21. Oliveira-Ferreira AI, Milakara D, Alam M, Jorks
D, Major S, Hartings JA, Lückl J, Martus P,
Graf R, Dohmen C, Bohner G, Woitzik J, Dreier
JP (2010) Experimental and preliminary clinical
evidence of an ischemic zone with prolonged
negative DC shifts surrounded by a normally
perfused tissue belt with persistent electrocor-
ticographic depression. J Cereb Blood Flow
Metab 30(8):1504-1519
22. Macdonald RL, Pluta RM, Zhang JH (2007)
Cerebral vasospasm after subarachnoid hemor-
rhage: the emerging revolution. Nat Clin Pract
Neurol 3(5):256-263. doi: ncpneuro0490[pii]
10.1038/ncpneuro0490

23. Neil-Dwyer G, Lang DA, Doshi B, Gerber CJ,
Smith PW (1994) Delayed cerebral ischaemia:
the pathological substrate. Acta Neurochir
(Wien) 131(1-2):137-145
24. Geraud G, Tremoulet M, Guell A, Bes A (1984)
The prognostic value of noninvasive CBF mea-
surement in subarachnoid hemorrhage. Stroke
15(2):301-305
25. Minhas PS, Menon DK, Smielewski P, Czosnyka
M, Kirkpatrick PJ, Clark JC, Pickard JD (2003)
Positron emission tomographic cerebral perfu-
sion disturbances and transcranial Doppler