Biomedical Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
the Cognitive Aspects of Toolmaking: Lessons from the Hand Axe,”
http://faculty.washington.edu/wcalvin/2001/handaxe.htm).
7. See M. Kawai, “Newly-Acquired Pre-cultural Behavior of the Natural Troop
of Japanese Monkeys on Koshima Islet,”
Primates
6 (1965): 1-30. For a critique,
see B. G. Galef, “Tradition in Animals: Field Observations and Laboratory
Analyses,” in
Interpretation and Explanation in the Study of Animal Behavior
,
ed. Marc Bekoff and Dale Jamieson (Boulder, CO: Westview Press, 1990).
8. Calvin,
Throwing Madonna
, 22-23.
9. The argument—spurious in my view—has been made that human linguistic
diversity is too shallow to be very old, and that human languages diverged from
a common origin only about thirty thousand years ago (Merritt Ruhlen,
The
Origin of Language: Tracing the Evolution of the Mother Tongue
[New York:
Wiley, 1994]). On the “creative explosion,” see John E. Pfeiffer,
The Creative
Explosion: An Inquiry into the Origins of Art and Religion
(New York: Harper
and Row, 1982). On the “great leap forward,” see Jared Diamond,
Guns, Germs,
and Steel: The Fates of Human Societies
(New York: W. W. Norton, 1997).
Richard G. Klein points out that it is not until about fifty thousand years ago
that you find the first evidence of religion, representational art, ornamentation,
new and changing tool styles, and perhaps even the first boats (
The Human
Career: Human Biological and Cultural Origins
, 2nd ed. [Chicago: University of
Chicago Press, 1999], 512-517, 590-591).
10. See, for example, Carleton S. Coon,
The Origin of Races
(New York: Knopf,
1962).
11. I mean “the textual turn in anthropology” more in the sense explored by
Brinkley Messick in his
Calligraphic State: Textual Domination and History in
a Muslim Society
(Berkeley: University of California Press, 1993), and not so
much in the sense intended by Clifford Geertz, Hayden White, and others that
“all the world is text.”
12. See Robert N. Proctor,
The Nazi War on Cancer
(Princeton, NJ: Princeton
University Press, 1999).
13. John Frere, “Account of Flint Weapons Discovered at Hoxne in Suffolk,”
Archaeologia
13 (1800): 204-205.
14. See Donald K. Grayson,
The Establishment of Human Antiquity
(New York:
Academic Press, 1983); and Claudine Cohen and Jean-Jacques Hublin,
Boucher
de Perthes, 1788-1868: Les origines romantiques de la préhistoire
(Paris: Belin,
1989).
15. See Martin J. S. Rudwick,
Georges Cuvier, Fossil Bones, and Geological
Catastrophes: New Translations and Interpretations of the Primary Texts
(Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1997), 232-234. Cuvier's denial of human
antiquity can be found in his 1812
Discours préliminaire
, translated into English
in 1813 as
Theory of the Earth
with an elaborate preface by Robert Jameson,
who gave the topic a natural theological flavor, equating Cuvier's last revolution
with the biblical flood.
16. Grayson,
Establishment of Human Antiquity
, 168-223.
