Genetic Engineering and Eugenics: The Uses of History - Is Human Nature Obsolete? - page 151

78. See March Darnovsky, “Human Germline Engineering and Cloning as
Women's Issues,” GeneWatch 34, no. 1 (2001): 13-14. See also Frankel and
Chapman, Human Inheritable Genetic Modifications , 31-32.
79. Robyn Rowland, “The Control of Human Life: Masculine Science and
Genetic Engineering,” in Altered Genes II: The Future ? ed. Richard Hindmarsh,
Geoffrey Lawrence and R. A. Hindmarsh (St. Leonards, NSW: Allen and Unwin,
1998), 93.
80. See Ruth Hubbard and Elijah Wald, Exploding the Gene Myth: How
Genetic Information Is Produced and Manipulated by Scientists, Physicians,
Employers, Insurance Companies, Educators, and Law Enforcers (Boston:
Beacon Press, 1999), 116. See also Darnovksy, “Human Germline
Engineering,” 1.
81. See Anita Silvers, David Wasserman, and Mary B. Mahowald, Disability,
Difference, Discrimination: Perspectives on Justice in Bioethics and Public Policy
(Lanham, MD: Rowman and Littlefield, 1998). See also Erik Parens and
Adrienne Asch, eds., Prenatal Testing and Disability Rights (Washington, DC:
Georgetown University Press, 2000); Marsha Saxton, “Why Members of the Dis-
ability Community Oppose Prenatal Diagnosis and Selective Abortion,”
GeneWatch 14 (2001): 10-12; and Lori B. Andrews, Future Perfect: Confronting
Decisions about Genetics (New York: Columbia University Press, 2001),
97-101. For a different viewpoint, see Buchanan, Brock, Daniels, and Wikler,
From Chance to Choice , 266-288.
82. Hubbard and Wald, Exploding the Gene Myth , 31. See also Saxton, “Dis-
ability Community,” 6; and Alasdair MacIntyre, Dependent Rational Animals:
Why Human Beings Need the Virtues (Chicago: Open Court, 1999).
83. See, for example, Darnovksy, “Human Germline” Engineering,” 14.
84. This argument is expanded in my forthcoming “On Drawing Lessons from
the History of Eugenics,” in Reprogenetics: A Blueprint for Meaningful Moral
Debate and Responsible Public Policy , ed. Lori P. Knowles and Erik Parens
(Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press).
85. See, for example, David King “Eugenic tendencies in modern genetics,” in
Redesigning Life ? The Worldwide Challenge to Genetic Engineering, ed. Brian
Tokar (New York: Zed Books, 2001) 175; and Hubbard and Wald, Exploding
the Gene Myth , 27.
86. See S. Michie, F. Bron, M. Bobrow, and T. M. Marteau, “Nondirectiveness
in Genetic Counseling: An Empirical Study,” American Journal of Human Genet-
ics 60.1 (January 1997): 40-47.
87. See Saxton, “Disability Community,” 11.
88. Gregor Wolbring, “Eugenics, Euthenics, Euphenics,” GeneWatch 12 (June
1999): 10.