Environmental Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
9.
D
The B horizon contains many components leached from overlying layers, including nutrients, organic
matter, and minerals.
10.
E
The R horizon is bedrock, the parent material that erodes through time, and is the main component
from which soil is made.
11.
C
The other four answers are effects of El Niño. El Niño causes wetter conditions in the eastern United
States, Peru, and Ecuador.
12.
A
The layers of the atmosphere are listed in order from the innermost layer to the outermost layer. As
you move away from the Earth's surface, the mass decreases; thus, the inner layer, the troposphere, has
the greatest mass. In addition, weather is caused by the transfer of heat from solar energy hitting the
Earth's surface, where the lower layer of Earth's atmosphere, the troposphere, is located.
13.
B
At the mid-ocean ridge, magma pushes through the crust and hardens, creating new seafloor. As new
magma surfaces, it pushes away the existing seafloor, causing it to spread and move apart. Magma rises
through the crust because of convection currents in the magma in the asthenosphere below the plates.
14.
C
Acid rain increases with larger amounts of certain gases in the air, such as HCl and SO
2
.
15.
D
The three types of convection currents occur in both the Northern and Southern hemispheres.