Environmental Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
37. E Assimilation is the process of plants taking in the ammonia (NH 3 ) and ammonium (NH 4 + ).
38. A Ammonification is the process of combining nitrogen gas (N 2 ) with hydrogen gas (H 2 ) to form am-
monia (NH 3 ).
39. D The Safe Drinking Water Act sets standards for drinking-water quality in water sources both above
and below ground. The Ocean Dumping Act prohibits the dumping of anything into U.S. waters
without a permit. The Clean Water Act, also called the Federal Water Pollution Control Act, regulates
the discharge of pollutants into waterways and sets quality standards for surface waters, including
wastewater standards for industries. Waste Water Reduction Act is a fictitious name.
40. D Add the total of the five countries shown: 100,000 + 63,000 + 46,000 + 22,000 + 20,000 = 251,000.
Now divide this total by the world total and multiple by 100 to get the percentage: (251,000 MW ÷
370,000 MW) × 100 = 67.8 percent, which can be rounded to 68 percent.
41. B The National Park Service operates national parks, national recreation areas, and areas of historic
significance.
42. E To live sustainably, we need to meet the needs of the present human population without comprom-
ising the ability of future generations to meet their needs. Considerations include sustainable use of
land, water, and resources.
43. B Exposure to carbon monoxide can cause nausea, impaired vision, confusion, and fatigue at low con-
centrations. In the bloodstream, CO binds with hemoglobin, displacing oxygen and inhibiting oxygen
from binding with the hemoglobin. This can result in suffocation, because oxygen is not circulating in
the blood.
44. D Wind and solar energy are widely used in many nations and their use continues to grow. Geothermal
energy is being used in several countries including the United States and Iceland. Biomass is the oldest
form of power and is still used in many areas around the world. Harnessing wave motion is a potential
way to capture the ocean's energy. Wave technology is currently under development, but it is mainly ex-
perimental in its design and implementation.
45. D Neurotoxins affect the nervous system. An allergen stimulates a response in the immune system. A
carcinogen is a cancer-causing toxin. A mutagen can cause mutations in the DNA of an organism. A te-
ratogen can affect embryo development.
46. B Excess weight and obesity are becoming some of the biggest health issues in the United States, with
over 66 percent of the population overweight or obese.
47. B A dose-response is the effect of an amount of toxin or drug on an organism or population.
48. A A dose is the amount or concentration of a substance experienced by an organism.
49. C Persistence refers to a substance remaining in the environment for an extended period of time.
50. E A toxin is a substance that is poisonous to an organism.
51. C The industrial stage of demographic transition is the point at which birth rates begin to decline due
to the decreased need for children to work on farms or as laborers, and an increase in the availability of
contraception.
52. D Three Mile Island was the site of the most severe nuclear accident in U.S. history. The accident was
caused by a loss of reactor coolant. The failure was mechanical in nature in the beginning, followed by
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