Water Conveyance Loss and Designing Conveyance System - Practices of Irrigation and On-farm Water Management - page 21

Results
Width of channel bed, b = 7.36 m

Depth of flow, d 8.16 m

Depth of canal, d c =

=

9.384 m

Top width, T = 35.51 m

35.51 m

14.07 m

9.384 m 1

8.16 m

1.5

7.36 m

1.3 Designing Pipe for Irrigation Water Flow

1.3.1 Fundamental Theories of Water Flow Through Pipe

1.3.1.1 Theories of Physics
Equations describing fluid flow are based on three fundamental laws of physics.
These are as follows:

• Conservation of matter (or mass)

• Conservation of energy

• Conservation of momentum

Conservation of Matter

This law states that matter cannot be created or destroyed, but it can be con-
verted (e.g., by a chemical process). In case of hydraulics, chemical activity is not
considered; thus the law reduces to conservation of mass.

Conservation of Energy

This says that energy cannot be created or destroyed, but can be converted from one
type to another. For example, potential energy may be converted to kinetic energy
or pressure energy.