Management of Salt-Affected Soils - Practices of Irrigation and On-farm Water Management - page 271

Chapter 8
Management of Salt-Affected Soils
Contents
8.1 Extent of Salinity and Sodicity Problem .................... 272
8.2 Development of Soil Salinity and Sodicity .................. 273
8.2.1 Causes of Salinity Development ................... 273
8.2.2 Factors Affecting Salinity ...................... 277
8.2.3 Mechanism of Salinity Hazard .................... 278
8.2.4 Salt Balance at Farm Level ...................... 278
8.3 Diagnosis and Characteristics of Saline and Sodic Soils ............ 279
8.3.1 Classification and Characteristics of Salt-Affected Soils ......... 279
8.3.2 Some Relevant Terminologies and Conversion Factors ......... 282
8.3.3 Diagnosis of Salinity and Sodicity .................. 285
8.3.4 Salinity Mapping and Classification .................. 290
8.4 Impact of Salinity and Sodicity ....................... 293
8.4.1 Impact of Salinity on Soil and Crop Production ............. 293
8.4.2 Impact of Sodicity on Soil and Plant Growth .............. 294
8.5 Crop Tolerance to Soil Salinity and Effect of Salinity
on Yield .................................. 295
8.5.1 Factors Influencing Tolerance to Crop ................. 295
8.5.2 Relative Salt Tolerance of Crops ................... 297
8.5.3 Use of Saline Water for Crop Production ............... 298
8.5.4 Yield Reduction Due to Salinity ................... 299
8.5.5 Sample Examples .......................... 300
8.6 Management/Amelioration of Saline Soil ................... 301
8.6.1 Principles and Approaches of Salinity
Management ............................. 301
8.6.2 Description of Salinity Management Options .............. 302
8.7 Management of Sodic and Saline-Sodic Soils ................. 317
8.7.1 Management of Sodic Soil ...................... 317
8.7.2 Management of Saline-Sodic Soil ................... 319
8.8 Models/Tools in Salinity Management .................... 320
8.9 Challenges and Needs ............................ 323
Relevant Journals ................................ 323