Motivation towards satisfaction among international sport events volunteers - Theory and Practice in Hospitality and Tourism Research - page 564

into energy, time and expertise that people provide
in volunteer work. Volunteers play an important
role to ensure the success of the event and some-
time their involvement will ensure the survival of
the games.
When volunteers experience a positive outcome
from their contribution of previous events, a pos-
sibility to stay for the future events is high. Thus,
it is important to understand volunteers' motiva-
tional factors and satisfaction in order to develop
a successful volunteer retention strategy for inter-
national sport event organizers. It is hoped that
event industry can use the VMS-ISE model as a
guideline for recruiting and retaining the volun-
teer. The findings of this study will also contribute
to expanding the body of knowledge about moti-
vation among volunteers of international sporting
events in Malaysia. Consequently, this study will
benefit several stakeholders in event industry such
as academician and event practitioner specifically
international sport event organizer.

Figure 1. Proposed conceptual framework.

is the dependent variable (DV) that predicts the
remaining of volunteers in future events by using
VSI model designed by Galindo-Kuhn and Guzley
(2002).

3.2 Hypothesis
Based on the framework above, several hypotheses
are proposed:
H1: There is a significant relationship between
volunteer motivation scale for international
sporting event (VMS-ISE) and satisfaction
among international sport event volunteers.
H1a: There is a significant relationship between
expression of value and satisfaction among
international sport event volunteers.
H1b: There is a significant relationship between
patriotism and satisfaction among interna-
tional sport event volunteers.
H1c: There is a significant relationship between
career orientation and satisfaction among
international sport event volunteers.
H1d: There is a significant relationship between
love of sport and satisfaction among inter-
national sport event volunteers.
H1e: There is a significant relationship between
interpersonal contact and satisfaction
among international sport event volunteers.
H1f: There is a significant relationship between
personal growth and satisfaction among
international sport event volunteers.
H1g: There is a significant relationship between
extrinsic reward and satisfaction among
international sport event volunteers.

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

The authors gratefully acknowledge contribution
by the Dean of Faculty Business Management,
Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia and their
colleagues for the support and guidance which
have significantly contributed to the quality of this
study.

REFERENCES

American University Washington DC. (2011). Formula
1 Racing: The economy and the environment TED
case study Retrieved October, 2011, from http://www.
american.edu/
Ancans, I.S. (1992). Why People Volunteer: A report to
the voluntary action directorate multiculuralism and
citizenship Canada, Ottwa: Ottawa: Volunteer Center
Ottawa-Carleton.
Bang, H. & Chelladurai, P. (2003). Motivation and sat-
isfaction in volunteering for 2002 World Cup in Korea.
Paper presented at the conference of the North Amer-
ican Society for Sport Management. Ithaca, New
Yo r k .
Bang, H. & Ross, S.D. (2009). Volunteer motivation and
satisfaction. Journal of Venue and Event Management,
1 (1), 61-77.
Clary, E.G. & Snyder, M. (1999). The Motivations to Vol-
unteer Theoretical and Practical Considerations. Cur-
rent directions in psychological science, 8 (5), 156-159.
Clary, E.G., Snyder, M. & Ridge, R. (1992). Volunteers'
motivations: A functional strategy for the recruitment,
placement, and retention of volunteers. Nonprofit
Management and Leadership, 2 (4), 333-350.
Clary, E.G., Snyder, M., Ridge, R.D., Copeland, J., Stu-
kas, A.A., Haugen, J. & Miene, P. (1998). Understand-

4 CONCLUSION AND IMPLICATION

Volunteering is an important economic resource
for organizations that replace the value of money